4 BULLETIN 86, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
HOOP TESTS. 
A 14-inch piece was taken from one hoop of each gauge from each 
of three barrels of each group. These pieces were machined down to! 
have a parallel section approximately 1 inch by 9 inches, and werei 
then subjected to tension tests. The maximum load and load at I 
yield point, as determined from the drop of the scale beam of the; 
testing machine, were recorded. 
RESULTS. 
BARREL TESTS. 
The results of the barrel tests are given in Tables 3 to 6, inclusive. 
The internal-pressure readings on the barrels to which a pressure! 
gauge was attached in the side-compression test have been omitted. 
The highest internal pressure developed in these barrels was 7 pounds 
per square inch. 
In all the test only two or three cases of leakage at the bung was 
observed. These also have been omitted from the tabulated results. 
MINOR TESTS. 
The average, maximum, and minimum results of the stave and hoop 
tests are given in Tables 1 and 2. In Table 1 " modulus of rupture" 
is the fiber stress at maximum load and represents the strength of the 
timber. "Work to maximum load" is proportional to the shock- 
resisting ability of the timber. 
Table 1. — Results of stave tests. Static bending, 28-inch span. 
f-inch staves. 
-inch staves. 
Measured thickness at stave, 
inches 
Rings per inch.. 
Specific gravity 
Moisture per cent. . 
Maximum load pounds. . 
Deflection at maximum load, 
inches 
Modulus of rupture, pounds 
per square inch 
Work to maximum load, 
inch-pounds per cubic 
inch 
Aver- Maxi- Mini- 
mum, mum. 
0.69 
15 
0.672 
10.4 
257 
0.71 
29 
0.848 
14.1 
395 
2.31 i 5.20 
11,455 I 17,950 
10.2 
29.8 
0.528 
8.1 
100 
0.88 
4,290 
Aver- Maxi- Mini- 
mum, mum. 
0.77 
14 
0.694 
9.8 
378 
1.98 
13,260 
10.0 
0.80 
25 
0.820 
13.5 
490 
3.50 
17,460 
0.558 
7.3 
220 
1.22 
8,220 
3.8 
1-inch staves. 
Aver- 
age. 
0.89 
21 
0.663 
12.6 
387 
1.90 
10, 120 
Maxi- Mini- 
mum, mum. 
0.91 
30 
0.723 
14.8 
510 
3.50 
12,860 
0.87 
14 
0.544 
10.0 
240 
1.10 
3.8 
Table 2. — Results of hoop tests. Tension, specimens 1 inch wide. 
Measured thickness of hoops, 
inches 
Loadat yield point as determined 
by drop of beam pounds. . 
Maximum load do 
Fiber stress at yield point, pounds 
per square inch 
Fiber slre-s at maximum load, 
pounds per square inch 
lS-gauge hoops. 
17-gauge hoops. 
Average. Maximum. Minimum. Average. Maximum. Minimum 
0.051 
2,360 
3,955 
44,580 
74,210 
0.058 
2,900 
4,530 
49,500 
78,000 
2,100 
3,580 
2,4^0 
4,925 
41,200 39,515 
70,200 7S,060 
0.063 
2,620 
5,130 
42,400 
82,400 
2,330 
4,605 
36, 000 
71,600 
