OPEN SHED COMPARED WITH BARN FOR DAIRY COWS. 11 
streams of milk to lower the bacterial count, and driving the cows out 
again. The time of milking was not taken into consideration, as the 
operation consumed practically the same time under each system. In 
the closed barn the time required to perform the same sanitary duties 
described above was considerably less because the cows were already 
stabled and the time of driving in and out was saved. 
REMOVING MANURE AND FLUSHING OUT MILKING ROOM. 
The second operation shown in Table 6 in the case of the open barn 
consisted in removing the small quantity of manure dropped by the 
cows while in the milking room and washing the floors, platform, and 
gutter of the milking room once daily. While the manure from the 
open shed was not removed daily, an allowance of time required to 
remove it has been included under this operation. It was assumed 
that the same quantity of manure was produced daily by the cows in 
the open shed as by the same number of cows in the closed barn. 
The time required to remove the manure from the open shed has been 
added to the time required to clean and flush out the milking room. 
The operation in the closed barn included the time required to 
load the manure on a wagon and to remove it from the barn; also the 
time to wash up the floors, platforms, and gutters and to put the 
barn in the same sanitary condition as the milking room in the open 
shed. 
With reference to the time required to keep both milking rooms 
clean, it may be noted (Table 6) that considerably less was needed 
for the small barn used in connection with the open-shed group. 
Doubtless the saving of time would have been even more marked had 
more cows been used. The figures were compiled for a herd of 16, 
handled in two shifts of 8 cows each. With a very little extra time 
for cleaning out, a much larger herd could have been milked in the 
small barn. It should be noted also that the figures are based on the 
assumption that the manure from the closed barn is to be hauled 
directly to the field. If it is necessary either on account of the small 
quantity or because of bad weather or soft fields to store the manure 
and haul it out later, about 1J minutes should be added to the figures 
for the closed-barn cows, which would make the labor required, aside 
from milking and feeding, 10 minutes and 32 seconds, as against 11 
minutes and 14 seconds for the open-shed cows. 
BEDDING— TIME REQUIRED, POUNDS NEEDED, ETC. 
By referring to Table 6 it may be noted that the time required to 
bed the cows did not vary widely in the two stables. A few seconds 
more for each cow were required in the open shed. It was observed 
throughout the trial, however, that the cows in the open shed kept 
themselves cleaner than those in the stalls. 
