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ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE CROWNED CRANE. 
NOTES ON THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE 
OF THE CROWNED CRANE. 
The following notes were taken from a dissection of a Crowned 
Crane, ( Balearica ) which had been kept in confinement in one of the 
“dime museums” in Boston. The body was kindly presented to me by 
Mr F. B. Webster. 
Tongue, about two inches long, pointed, fleshy at base, but becom- 
ing horny at tip. Superior larynx, fairly well developed, but exhibits 
nothing remarkable in structure. 
Trachea, simple, rounded, and unlike this organ in many other 
members of this family, does not make any convolutions, nor enter the 
keel of the sternum, being straight. It is 14.00 long to the inferior 
larynx. 
Inferior larynx, provided with a sterno trachealis that is well de- 
veloped, but there is not the slightest vestige of any other laryngeal 
muscle. The bronchials are furnished with wide tympaniform, or vi- 
brating membranes that extend their entire length. The os transversale 
although present, does not support a semiluna membrane, thus the broad 
tympaniforms are the only sound producing organs, with the sterno 
trachealis as a relaxor. If the voice of this Crane has any of the pecu- 
liar resonant harshness of other members of the family, it is partly due 
to the great length of trachea, thus being produced much as in the 
herons. 
(Esophagus, straight, being without any special dilatation and is 
18 00 long. 
Proventriculus is comparatively small, the glands are numerous, 
small, spherical in form, and are contained in a zonular band which is 
1.30 w T ide. 
Stomach, a flattened sphere measuring 2.40 by 2.15 by 1 .45, is very 
muscular, the walls being extremely thick, — 1.00 — and the lining 
membrane is hard, rugose, somewhat wrinkled, and orange in color. 
Fold of the duodenum, 4.20 long, enclosing a singularly formed, 
double, or forked pancreas that does not extend within 1.25 of the end 
of the fold, but reaches considerably beyond it, along the intestine; it is 
3.50 long. 
Gall sack, large, perhaps abnormally so, as noticed in many birds 
kept in confinement, and a double gall duct enters the intestine just be- 
low the termination of the pancreas. 
