BALSAM FIR. 
11 
Table 2. — Stand of balsam fir in Wisconsin, by counties, in million feet board measure. 
Ashland 20 
Bayfield 25 
Chippewa 20 
Clark 5 
Douglas 30 
Florence 15 
Forest 40 
Iron 15 
Langlade 30 
Lincoln 25 
Marathon 25 
Marinette 10 
Oconto 15 
Oneida 10 
Portage 5 
Price 15 
Sawyer 25 
Shawano 20 
Taylor 30 
Vilas 10 
Wood : 5 
Total 395 
The cut of balsam fir in Wisconsin for both lumber and pulp is 
increasing. In 1910, 4,196,000 board feet were cut for lumber and 
8,502,000 board feet for pulp, a total of 12,698,000 board feet. 
MINNESOTA. 
In Minnesota balsam fir is confined largely to the northeastern 
half of the State, extending south as far as Isanti and Chisago Coun- 
ties. On moist, retentive soils it reaches a fair development. In the 
northern counties .it attains an average diameter breast high of 10 
to 11 inches and an average volume of 51 board feet. Prof. Roth 
roughly estimated its stand in 1897 as 1,000,000,000 feet. While no 
cut is indicated for pulp, 10,147,000 board feet were cut in 1910 for 
lumber. 
MICHIGAN. 
Balsam fir occurs in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in mixture 
with spruce, but there is little prospect of future supply from either 
species, since they occur scatteringly. Prof. Roth estimated the 
stand of balsam fir in 1897 at 400,000 cords, or 200,000,000 board 
feet. The estimates given by Prof. Roth 15 years ago of the stand of 
balsam fir in the States of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan were 
considered by him at that time too low, so their applicability to the 
present stand in Wisconsin, Minnesota, or Michigan may therefore 
be justified. 
The cut in Michigan is close to that in Wisconsin and Minnesota, 
amounting to 10,712,000 board feet in 1910; of this, 5,925,000 board 
feet were cut for pulp and 4,787,000 board feet for lumber. 
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE. 
BALSAM FIR PULPWOOD. 
Balsam fir finds its greatest economic importance as a pulpwood. 
There is a close connection between the extent of the available sup- 
plies of spruce in a State and the amount of balsam fir used in the 
manufacture of pulp and paper. As long as there is a plentiful 
supply of the former, the use of balsam fir is naturally restricted. 
