10 BULLETIN 55, U. S. DEPAKTMENT OF AGKICULTUKE. 
Rivers. Altogether it constitutes about 10 per cent of the total so- 
called spruce cut for pulpwood in northern New Hampshire and from 
1 to 5 per cent in the rest of the State. Since 97.4 per cent of the 
total cut of pulpwood in New Hampshire comes from the northern 
portion, 9 per cent may be considered a fair average proportion of 
balsam fir in the total output of pulpwood in the State. 
The percentage of balsam fir used in mixture with spruce in the 
sawmills varies, according to the location of the mill, from 1 to 20, 
being largest in Coos County; but for the whole State it probably 
does not exceed 5 per cent. Thus, about 5,700,000 board feet of 
balsam fir were cut for pulpwood (1910) and about 12,200,000 board 
feet for lumber (1909), making a total of 17,900,000 board feet. 
Accepting the present stand of softwoods in the four main drain- 
age systems of northern New Hampshire as in the neighborhood of 
4,764,000,000 board feet, the present stand of balsam fir in New 
Hampshire may be estimated in round figures to be 400,000,000 board 
feet. 1 
VERMONT. 
In Vermont balsam fir is most common in the northern counties, 
Caledonia, Essex, and Orange containing nearly 20 per cent of the 
coniferous forests. In the southern half of the State balsam fir is 
found in any quantity only in the mountain townships. In 1910 
balsam fir made up about per cent of the total cut for pulpwood 
and lumber in the State. Assuming that it forms only 7 per cent of 
the spruce forest, the present stand of balsam fir, based on the census 
figures for the spruce stand in 1900, must be about 110,000,000 board 
feet. The annual cut of balsam fir, according to the census report 
for 1910, is about 12,000,000 board feet, of which about 4,000,000 
board feet is for pulpwood and 8,000,000 for lumber. 
WISCONSIN. 
The only estimate of balsam fir in Wisconsin is that of Filibert 
Roth, 2 who placed the total stand in 1897 at 395,000,000 board feet 
(790,000 cords). In this estimate was included everything from 4 
inches up. The yield per acre in all forests where balsam fir occurred 
was placed at from 50 to 100 board feet, or 4 to 8 cords, per 40 acres, 
an estimate which agreed with one made by the Chicago & North 
Western Railway Co. in Forest and adjoining counties. Balsam fir 
is thinly scattered in most forests of Wisconsin on the more humid 
loam and clay lands. It is generally less than 12 inches in diameter 
and below 60 feet in height. Table 2 gives estimates of the stand of 
balsam fir in the different counties in which it grows. 
1 Forest Service Bulletin 55, Forest Conditions in Northern New Hampshire. 
2 Forestry Conditions and Interests of Wisconsin, by Filibert Koth. Bulletin 16, U. S. Department 
of Agriculture, Division of Forestry, 1898. 
