MILK-PLANT EQUIPMENT. 
27 
machines, and the tanks have from 8 to 12 or more valves. From 
24 to 72 or more bottles can be filled and capped per minute, depend- 
ing on the size of the machine. 
With the so-called row fillers the bottles are also taken from the 
case and placed under the valves by hand. They are partially filled 
under the first set of valves and move on to have the filling com- 
pleted by a series of additional valves. After capping, which is done 
by machine, full bottles are removed and replaced by hand in the 
case. 
Some of the advantages of these types of fillers are : 
1. Simplicity. 
2. The bottles can be inspected when filled before being returned to the 
cases. 
3. The capacity of the plant can be increased gradually by adding more 
units of the same capacity without decreased economy in the use of labor. 
4.' Small floor space is required. 
AUTOMATIC CASE FILLERS AND CAPPERS. 
Some of the large plants have automatic power fillers and cappers 
(fig. 18). Usually the fillers and cappers are operated by electric 
power, and in some cases the valves are operated by hydraulic 
pumps. With these machines a full case of bottles is filled and 
capped automatically. All the operator does is to feed the cases of 
Pig. 16. — Machine filling and capping bottles. 
