UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
|ft BULLETIN No. 1077 W| 
SfS^rt. 
Washington, D. C. 
October 21, 1922 
PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE ROADS. 
By James T. Voshell, District Engineer, and R. E. Toms, Senior Highway 
Engineer, Bureau of Public Roads. 
CONTENTS. 
Page. 
Introduction 1 
Materials used in concrete roads 3 
Cement 3 
Fine aggregate 3 
Coarse aggregate 4 
Water 5 
Reinforcement 6 
Proportioning 6 
Quantities of materials required 10 
Design 10 
Width of pavement 11 
Thickness of pavement 12 
Crown of pavement 14 
Superelevation of curves 15 
Widening on curves 16 
Joints 17 
Steel reinforcement 23 
Shoulders and ditches 24 
Curbs and gutters 25 
Bituminous surface treatment 25 
The cross-section 27 
Construction 27 
Grading 27 
Drainage 27 
Page. 
Construction — Continued. 
Preparation of the subgrade 20 
Forms 30 
Handling and hauling materials. 31 
Mixing and placing 40 
Finishing the surface 42 
Protecting and curing the con- 
crete 46 
Placing concrete in freezing 
weather 47 
Organization and equipment 47 
Capital required 55 
Cost of concrete pavements. 53 
Maintenance 58 
Resurfacing old concrete pavements_ 59 
Appendix 61 
A. Quantities of materials re- 
quired 61 
B. Tables for determining the 
size of pump required for 
delivering water 63 
C. Cost of Federal-aid concrete 
pavements 64 
INTRODUCTION. 
The purpose of this bulletin is to supply reliable information on 
the subject of concrete pavements for the use of highway engineers 
and others interested in the improvement of public roads. The meth- 
ods of construction described are believed to represent the best prac- 
tice at this time ; but, as experience and research are continually sug- 
gesting improvements, those who have charge of concrete-road con- 
101130°— 22 1 
