THE PECAN NUT CASE-BEAKER 3 
He further states : 
I have myself found the larval cases of a Phycitid in southern New Jersey 
on a large-leaved oak, which may be the cases of this species. They were horn- 
like, much resembling those of indigenella. The larva turned over the edge of 
the large leaf binding the edges, and forming a habitation large enough to move 
about freely within. The case itself was fastened within with threads of silk. 
The habitat given by Hulst is New Jersey and Texas, but there is 
no mention of the food plant for the material from Texas, which was 
probably taken on the pecan. In the writer's opinion, the record 
of the New Jersey specimen "from oak" is very doubtful, because 
the description of the cocoon and the manner of pupation do not 
coincide with the facts regarding Acrobasis Jiebescella as determined 
in an extensive study of this species. 
CHARACTER OF INJURY 
The larvae of the pecan nut case-bearer may attack either the tender 
shoots or the immature nuts. The larvae that pass the winter in 
hibernacula around the buds cause damage in early spring by attack- 
ing the tender shoots, in which they tunnel and eat out the interior, 
leaving the outside intact. Many of the attacked shoots wilt and 
turn brown, and others are broken off by the winds (PL IV) . Such 
injury is not very serious, compared with the damage caused by the 
first and second brood larvae, which confine their attacks to young 
green nuts. 
During May the first-brood larvae make their appearance and bore 
into the recently set nuts. At the point of attack pellets of frass 
or borings are cast out (PI. II) and held together by means of fine 
silken threads that form a short silk-lined tube. Nuts injured by 
this insect always show the characteristic mass of frass protruding 
from the place where the larvae gained entrance, which is invariably 
in the side of the nut near the basal end. The larvae of the second" 
generation attack the nuts in the same manner a^ those of the first 
generation, but the damage to the crop is not so extensive because 
of the size of the nuts at the time of attack (PL III) . Early in the 
season a single larva may destroy several nuts before attaining full 
growth, while later in the season one or two nuts seem to be suf- 
ficient for its subsistence. The writer's observations show that by 
far the greatest damage to the nut crop is inflicted by the larvae of 
the first generation. 
The larvae of the third generation, which make their appearance 
in the late summer, usually feed very little. They seem to prefer 
the shucks or hulls, in which they gnaw only through the surface, 
forming small, narrow, elongated tunnels of frass particles of a rather 
delicate or flimsy texture. Such injury does not interfere with the 
normal development of the nuts. Some of these larvae also feed 
slightly on the leaf petioles and succulent shoots, but the damage 
thus caused is insignificant. When the larvae of this generation 
seek hibernation quarters they are usually a little less than one-tenth 
of an inch long. 
DESCRIPTION 
EGG 
The egg (PL I, A) is elliptical, convex above and flattened below, 
with the surface finely wrinkled. When first deposited the egg 
is greenish white, and as incubation advances it takes on a reddish 
