10 BULLETIN 989, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUI 
_—_ 
- Since it was desired to determine whether other oils from the de- 
structive distillation of wood are active germicides, commercial sam- 
ples of these also were collected and the samples analyzed (Table 3). 
TABLE 38.—Composition of commercial samples of destructive-distillation 
pine oils. 
| i | 
| | | Oil distilled. 
| Refrac-| pow = 
tebe | Description of | ae | tive | ee Phe- | ey Gapel 
No sample. lat 20°C. | index | pacinie| nols. | Water. Brow | 160° C. | 180°C. oe 
Sia it. og Cf PRb2OIC |S ed | | 160°C hnae as : 
| by Gas as 
Nace ecasteete 
\ ! } j 
| | Per ct..\ Per-ct: Per ch.| Pend. | Perc. | Perc ween. 
31710_...| Wood naphtha...-| 0.869 | 1.4780 | 12.59 |______.. None. | 34.0! 56.0 6.0 0.8 
Sige ee do._.--...-..-.| -869 | 1.4625]. 2.07 | 0.54 | None. S305] 2 1226) ee eee at 
oiiGs css |e GOs sees 868 | 1.4700 | 74 2.43 | None. 1920: GSO) eee .4 
31717....| Crude light oil.....| .919 | 1.4965 | 11.90 3. 85 | None. 12.0; 39.6 | 21.0] Trace. 
4 bye. teas (eee Ort ts Se | .909 | 1.4840 1. 2.96 | 5.30] None. | 25.0] 39.6 28.4 8 
aT eee a ee Gort fe. 2 Ba | 1946 | 1.5105 | 19.70 4, 40 None. | - 4.9 31.0 27.0 4 
31719: ...| Heavy crude oil...| 1.028 | 1.5450 | 37.40! 6.20 | 0.6 | 4.0 | 8.0 | 16.0} None. 
Sits. 5] paute crude oil...; -.975 | 1.5255 | 20.10; 5.80) None.} 19.4{ 14.6 12,8 0.8 
SEs Wee (eee OSS tare 5: 1 1.020 | 1.5460 | 37.90; 4.80 1.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 15.0 | Trace. 
51 a ee GOs. ae 11.003 | 1.5855 |. 26.80 | 6.40 | Oy Gis 10.0 20.0 | Trace 
Moose || Palos. tee | 1.049 | 1.5450} 31.30} 9.70 | 1.0} 1.6 | 1.0 8.0 | None 
3:0 rie eal pe ae dos saa. 12 | 1.015 | 1.5500) 22.66; 6.00 | 4). 2.0 | <6.0-)-5-18 04> Drages 
‘ 22. 66 | 
1 Contained wood-tar phenols which were not separated. 
Tt will be noted that there is a rough relation between the boiling 
points, densities, and indices of refraction of the crude oils, those 
with the lower boiling points having the lower densities and lower 
refractive indices. ‘The unpolymerized residue is in all cases less 
than 1 per cent. The resinous material and phenols are high in the 
crude distillate, in some cases as much as 40 per cent. : 
Pine oil obtained by the steam or steam-and-solvent process is a 
very uniform product. That obtained from destructive distillation 
is much less uniform. It consists of the same compounds as the 
steam-distilled product, together with the distillation products of 
rosin and wood in various proportions, depending upon the particu- 
lar manner in which the distillation was conducted. 
The crude distillation products also vary greatly in their composi- 
tion, depending on the practice at the plant where they were made. 
The unpolymerized residue in the case of all the products of pine 
distillation is low, 2 per cent or less. except in one case in which the 
oil had been in contact with petroleum distillate in the course of 
manufacture and probably still contained a small amount of it. 
Since petroleum oils, of course, give high polymerization residues, 
this provides a method for detecting the adulteration of pine oil with 
kerosene or other mineral oil fractions. 
PREPARATION OF PINE-OIL EMULSIONS. 
All of the samples collected. which were fairly representative of 
the products of destructive distillation of the longleaf pine as carried 
out commercially, were made into emulsifiable liquids by the method 
