14 BULLETIN 1060, IT. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
The composition of a typical piece of what is distinguished as the 
" western hemlock-Sitka spruce type " in British Columbia is as 
follows : 8 
Per cent. 
Western hemlock 3S 
Sitka spruce 27 
Western red cedar 15 
Balsam (silver) fir 15 
Others (Alaska cedar and Cottonwood) 5 
100 
A summary of cruises made in 1918 in spruce stands on the west 
side of the Olympic National Forest in Washington shows the fol- 
lowing average composition of the forest : 9 
Per cent. 
Western hemlock 37 
Douglas fir 26 
Sitka spruce 21 
Silver fir 7 
Western red cedar 6 
Others 3 
100 
The mixed forest is usually of even age; infrequently it is of two 
age classes, and then the hemlock trees are the smaller and younger 
ones of the stand. An all-aged forest occurs but rarely, and then 
as an open stand on swampy soils. 
An idea of the composition of the stand and the representation 
of small-sized trees of other species (in the older stands) may be 
gained from Table 4. This table shows the results of measurements 
on 12 sample plots in typical stands in Oregon and Washington 
in which Sitka spruce comprised from 50 to 100 per cent of the 
volume of the stand. 
Table 4. — Number of trees of Sitka spruce and other species per acre for typical 
stands of various ages. 
Plots. 
Living trees per acre. 
Designation and locality. 
Newport III. 
Blodgettl... 
Raymond I.. 
Newport I... 
TsiltcoosII.. 
Raymond II. 
Hoquiam I . . 
Beaver I 
Tsiltcoosl... 
Clatsop I 
Newport II.. 
Hoquiam II . 
Area. 
Acres. 
0.4 
.2 
4.0 
2.0 
2.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
4.0 
5.2 
2.0 
2.0 
Sitka spruce. 
Age. 
Under 12 Over 12 
inches. inches. 
Years. 
27 
60 
70 
130 
175 
175 
240 
260 
290 
310 
320 
340 
448.0 
104.0 
1.5 
2.5 
1.5 
3.5 
.0 
.2 
.5 
.0 
3.0 
.0 
122.0 
112.0 
27.7 
61.0 
49.5 
13.2 
18.0 
18.2 
21.5 
10.1 
7.0 
7.0 
Other species. 
Under 12 Over 12 
inches. inches. 
30.0 
24.0 
25.2 
3.0 
10.0 
13.8 
28.2 
5.3 
8.0 
.0 
43.5 
40.0 
0.0 
32.0 
98.0 
8.0 
13.5 
41.2 
18.8 
9.6 
8.0 
10.3 
54.0 
34.0 
Total. 
600.0 
272.0 
152. 4 
74.5 
74.5 
71. T 
65.0 
33.3 
38.0 
20.4 
107.1 
81.0 
8 " Forests of British Columbia," by H. N. Whitford and R. 
• " Descriptive Report of Olympic West Side Spruce," by C. 
manuscript report, p. 13, 1918. 
D. Craig, p. 61, 1918. 
J. Conover. Forest Service 
