22 
HISTOLOGY OF VEGETABLES. 
fluid, leads me to repeat the remark that the latter hears 
a strong analogy to what has been called the T. 
diabetica , represented in Fig. 7, b, and Fig. 9, b, in 
form and in capability of exciting fermentation. The 
T. diabetica and T. cerevisice , are neither of them 
perfect plants, but an intermediate and subaquatic 
stage of the development of fungi, belonging to the 
order Mucorince. Turpin has demonstrated that the 
Yeast-plant , misnamed T. cerevisice , is an early con- 
dition of the Penicillium glaucum ; and my friend, 
Dr. P. B. Avres, has informed me that he has traced 
the development of the T. diabetica to a species of 
Mucor, probably Mucor ramosus. Each oval cell or 
spore, first develop es one or two smaller cells, by 
germination on opposite points of its surface, these 
increase in size, and each again produces other cells, 
so as to form a moniliform string of cells, or torulee. 
The next stage of development is into jointed con- 
fervoid, tubes more or less irregular in figure, and 
these increasing in number form cloud-like masses, 
which ultimately rise to the surface of the fluid by the 
aid of bubbles of carbonic acid, and the upper surface 
being exposed to the air partially dries, and in a short 
time the vesical fructification of the fungus is produced. 
The genus Torula ought clearly to be abolished, its 
so-called species being simply stages of development 
of a more perfect plant. 
The ripe Strawberry affords an example of larger 
cells of an oval shape (Fig. 10) containing a brownish 
nucleus, a , b ; and in those from the young flowering 
