CELLS. TORUL^E. 
19 
when full grown, give the plant the appearance of a 
necklace. The further development, which cannot be 
fully described here, proceeds to the formation of jointed 
tubes and filaments, when these rise to the surface, and 
are exposed to the air, the complete development into the 
Penicillium glaucum occurs. Another species of Torula 
is found in the urine of diabetic patients as soon as 
fermentation commences ; hence it has been named 
T. diabetica . For the sake of comparison with T. 
cerevisice , a few of these cells are represented in Fig. 7, 
b ; they are much smaller, and more oval in shape, and 
are beginning to be arranged in a linear series. This 
is always found to be the case both in new beer and in 
urine, if kept for a few days. 
There is a disease of the stomach characterised by 
a very constant train of symptoms : dilatation with 
flatulent distension, a burning or scalding sensation 
referred to the epigastrium and upwards in the course 
of the oesophagus, and the frequent vomiting of a 
clear fluid, with or without the admixture of a small 
quantity of brown, frothy matter, like yeast. The 
patient complains that the vomited fluid is excessively 
acid to the taste, and its acidity is readily demonstrated 
by litmus-paper. Within an hour or two after ejection, 
it begins to ferment as distinctly and rapidly as new 
beer wort, and a head is formed which cannot be dis- 
tinguished, in appearance or odour, from yeast. When 
placed under the microscope, it is seen to be mainly 
composed of minute cubical masses of a greenish 
c 2 
