UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
BULLETIN No. 412 
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY 
Contribution from the Office of Farm Management 
W. J. SPILLMAN, Chief 
J&$*%J-U 
Washington, D. C. 
PROFESSIONAL PAPER 
September 22, 1916 
THE NORMAL DAY'S WORK OF FARM IMPLEMENTS, WORK- 
MEN, AND CREWS IN WESTERN NEW YORK. 
By H. H. Mo wry, Agriculturist. 
CONTENTS. 
Page. 
A normal day's work 2 
Source of data.' 2 
Local conditions 3 
Plowing 3 
Harrowing 4 
The land roller , 6 
Grain crop operations 6 
Page. 
Threshing wheat 7 
Handling manure 8 
Operations on the corn crop 8 
Operations on the bean crop 10 
Haying operations 11 
Operations on the cabbage crop 12 
Operations on fruit crops 14 
Every farmer needs to have a definite idea as to what constitutes a 
fair day's work in each of his operations, so that the annual work may 
be planned intelligently and carried out on time. In order to obtain 
results from hired help it is necessary to know what each man and 
team should accomplish daily. The same knowledge will serve to 
prevent the overtaxing of horses and the crowding of men beyond a 
fair amount of service. Where hired help understand that a fair and 
definite amount of work, not in excess of what can be performed day 
after day without impairing health or efficiency, -is normally expected, 
the necessity of personal supervision by the employer is reduced. 
Compensation can also be asked and paid on the basis of this reason- 
able service and the relations of all concerned be made more satis- 
factory. 
Knowledge of what constitutes a fair day's work in a given locality, 
based upon the experience of many neighbors, is a valuable guide to the 
individual farmer. The data of this bulletin, a summary of which is 
given in Table I, represent the experience of several hundred practical 
farmers in western New York, and has application to the conditions 
which existed there. Knowledge of what is accomplished by farmers 
in other localities is also of value to those in western New York, 
because for more operations other sections of the United States have 
worked out more efficient methods of doing work and handling men, 
-Bull. 412—16 
54101' 
