58 BULLETIN 475, U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 
with or without aspen, where the moisture and soil conditions are 
normal, though such sites are almost invariably overgrown with a 
heavy cover of sod, grass, and weeds; (4) north and east aspects of 
open grassy parks without trace of any former timber, having nor- 
mal moisture conditions and soil of good depth; (5) north aspects 
of open parklike areas without trace of former timber, often found 
in the yellow pine and lower limits of the Douglas-fir types, support- 
ing dense stands of oak brush and occasionally lone, stunted balsams. 
Sowing should be attempted only on north and east aspects of sites 
1 and 2. 
Lodgepole pine: Between altitudes of 8,500 and 10.300 feet the 
sites are : (1) All aspects of burns or cut-over areas, for the most part 
devoid of vegetation, which have failed to restock naturally even 
though soil and moisture conditions are normal; (2) all aspects of 
burns and cut-over areas with a well-defined cover of aspen; (3) all 
aspects of burns and cut-over areas of long standing, with or with- 
out aspen, where moisture and soil conditions are normal, though 
such sites are almost invariably overgrown with a heavy cover of 
sod, grass, and weeds; (4) all aspects of open, grassy parks without 
trace of any former timber but with normal moisture conditions and 
soil of good depth. 
Sowing is advisable only on sites 1 and 2, and planting is usually 
necessary only on sites 3 and 4. 
Engelmann spruce: Between altitudes of 9,500 feet and timber 
line, the planting sites in order are : (1) All aspects of burns and cut- 
over areas, for the most part devoid of vegetation, which have failed 
to restock naturally even though soil and moisture conditions are 
normal; (2) all aspects of burns and cut-over areas with a well- 
defined cover of aspen; (3) all aspects of burns and cut-over areas 
of long standing, with or without aspen, and usually overgrown with 
a heavy cover of sod, grass, and weeds; (4) all aspects of open grassy 
parks without trace of former timber but with soil of good depth and 
with normal moisture conditions. Only one site is thought possible 
for sowing, that being the north aspect of site 2. 
Northern Minnesota and Michigan. 
Eastern white pine: Only one type of area is considered as a 
planting site for this species, namely, all aspects of burns and cut- 
over areas with natural white pine reproduction wanting, with 
numerous species of deciduous .trees and shmbs present and with- 
normal moisture conditions and soil of good depth, usually com- 
posed of light sand over a heavy clay subsoil. 
Norway pine: The only type of area considered for this species 
is all aspects of burns and cut-over areas with natural reproduction 
of desired species wanting, usually with numerous species of de- 
