24 BULLETIN 333, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
trees occurred on stock 1 and 2 years old. Trees that had reached 
an age of 3 years showed little injury. This difference was probably 
due to the fact that the trees 1 and 2 years old were planted on 
recently cleared woodland, whereas the old trees were on old land, 
though closely adjacent to the badly infested area. Of the trees 1 
and 2 years old probably one-fourth of the total number had been 
destroyed during the summer, the injury being almost entirely below 
ground, although the excavations made by the termites occasionally 
extended an inch or two above the surface of the soil inside of the 
tree. Below ground the trees were frequently hollowed out until 
little more than a shell of bark remained. The insects made their 
entrance to the trees at some point below ground, the place most fre- 
quently chosen being the point where the taproot had been cut to 
cause it to branch out into a larger root system. From this point of 
entrance the insects worked upward, extending their galleries through 
the wood and enlarging them until the heart of the tree at the crown 
was entirely eaten away. Usually the affected trees did not show any 
indication of injury until they were badly damaged and then they 
died very quickly, the leaves sometimes drying on the limbs within a 
period of three or four days. 
VIXEYAEDS. 
Injury by termites to vineyards has occasionally been recorded in 
Algeria, 1 in Bordeaux, France, and in North America. Usually 
only the weak or old vines with many pruning scars are attacked, 
or dead or injured parts, or ramifications of the stem or branches 
invaded by other pests, the healthy ramifications of the stock being 
exempt from invasion. Signs of attack are sickly foliage or abortive 
buds, or the injury is observed at the time of cutting down to stock 
or making graftings. S. H. Scudder records fatal injury to the 
roots of grapevines in forcing houses at Salem, Mass. 
DAMAGE TO SHRUBS, FLOWERS, AND GREENHOUSE STOCK. 
GKEEXHOTTSE STOCK. 
Termites injure a variety of shrubs, flowers in gardens as well as 
in greenhouses, and weeds. Hagen states that our common native 
termite, 2 introduced into Europe, so nearly destroyed one of the 
largest of the beautiful hothouses at Schoenbrun belonging to the 
Emperor of Austria that it had to be torn down. Besides the beams, 
the termites destroyed the tubs in which the plants were set. Hagen 
states in 1876 that a few years before he had observed termites swarm- 
ing in clouds in the Botanical Garden at Cambridge. Mass. Manured 
1 By Calotennes flavicolUs Fab. - Leucotermes ftavipes. 
