FOB-EST PLASTTHSTG IN THE LAKE STATES 7 
region, as judged by survival and growth, are Norway, northern 
white, jack, and Scotch pine, Norway and white spruce, eastern 
cottonwood, Russian poplar, box elder, and white and green ash. 
The four latter species have been successfully planted only where 
they received cultivation at the time of and after planting, and it is 
not certain that they would be successful without some cultivation. 
Indications of the relative desirability of 2? different kinds of 
trees for planting under conditions similar to those in the Northern 
Lake States, obtained from plantations 38 and 45 years old at 
Ottawa and Guelph, Ontario, are given in the tabulation below. The 
plantings at Ottawa were described and preliminary conclusions were 
drawn in 1903 (4,6) . The trees at both places were planted in good 
soils varying from sandy to clay loam and the soils were cultivated 
before and after planting. 
Most successful : Moderately successful : Unsatisfactory : 
European larch. Red oak. Silver maple. 
Scotch pine. American elm. Black locust. 
White spruce. Bur oak. Butternut. 
Austrian pine. Balsam fir. Black walnut. 
Paper birch. Sugar maple. Basswood. 
Norway spruce. Yellow birch. Box elder. 
Northern white pine. Northern white cedar. Winged elm. 
Green ash. Black cherry. Eastern hemlock. 
White ash. Hardy catalpa. 
Sycamore maple. 
On these good, cultivated soils all the most successful kinds — and 
of the moderately successful, red oak, American elm, and sugar 
maple — made excellent growth, Austrian pine, northern white pine, 
and Norway spruce had the largest diameters, and paper birch, Nor- 
way spruce, and European larch the greatest heights at Ottawa. 
European larch excelled in both diameter and height growth at 
Guelph. Unfortunately Norway and jack pine were not included 
in these plantations. The relative success of the species in the dif- 
ferent groups is likely to be applicable in the selection of species to 
plant in the Lake States, provided the plantations are on good soils 
and are cultivated. Furthermore, it may be safely concluded that 
the species which proved unsatisfactory under these favorable con- 
ditions at Ottawa and Guelph are not likely to do well in the north- 
ern Great Lakes region. 
Seventy-five per cent of the planting in the Lake States has been 
clone on the sandy soils which are naturally droughty and on which 
repeated fires have destroyed, the surface layer of leaf litter and ex- 
posed the soil to the most severe evaporation and heating. The 
available planting data may thus be considered incomplete to the 
extent that they give relatively little evidence of the possibilities 
on the heavier loamy soils for trees that have failed on the sands. 
SURVIVAL OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF TREES 
If the results of planting are analyzed on the basis of the per- 
centage of trees still living in the plantations, it is found that for 
all kinds and in all three States there are only 14 per cent or 1 in 7 
of the plantations in which less than 30 per cent of the trees are 
living and which must therefore be considered unsatisfactory. The 
percentages of the different species that have failed in the planta- 
