6 
material for woodworking plants. Even companies with large in- 
vestments in wood-using plants, like the pulp and paper mills which 
require a continued supply of timber for a long period of years to 
justify their investment, have not yet undertaken forest planting 
operations for timber production. 
AREAS PLANTED 
The first forest planting in the northern part of the Lake States 
was done in experimental plantations established in 1888 at Grayling, 
and Oscoda, Mich., by the Michigan Agricultural College, and at 
Grand Rapids, Minn., in 1898, by the Minnesota Agricultural Col- 
lege. A few private companies or individuals did a little forest 
planting in 1903, 1904, and 1905. A little planting was done on the 
Higgins Lake State Forest in Michigan as early as 1904. In 1910 
and 1911 the State of Wisconsin began planting operations, and the 
Federal Government made a similar beginning on the national forests 
in Michigan and Minnesota. At the same time Michigan expanded 
its planting program. But the main part of the planting has been 
done since 1915. 
The total area planted up to and including 1926 in the three Lake 
States, excepting the prairie region of southern and western Minne- 
sota, was about 74,000 acres. Of this 39,000 acres were planted by 
the States, 27,000 by the Federal Government on the Michigan and 
Minnesota National Forests, and possibly 8,000 by private owners. 
The State of Michigan alone has planted nearly 34,000 acres on the 
State forests, while Wisconsin and Minnesota have planted 3,300 
and 2,000 acres, respectively. The area planted annually has in- 
creased. In 1923, 4.000 acres were planted; in 1924, the total ex- 
ceeded 10,000; in 1925 it almost reached 12,000, and in 1926, 15,000 
acres were planted. 
KINDS OF TREES PLANTED 3 
If the total area planted in the northern part of the Lake States 
be subdivided on the basis of the proportion of different kinds of 
trees used, it appears that 60 per cent has been planted to Norway 
pine, 25 per cent to northern white pine, 7 per cent to jack pine, 
5 per cent to Scotch pine, 1 per cent each to Norway and white 
spruce, and 1 per cent to all other kinds. These other kinds include 
European larch, Austrian pine, western yellow pine, red oak, white 
ash, Douglas fir, northern white cedar, basswoocl, tamarack, sugar 
maple, lodgepole pine, box elder, green ash, Russian poplar, paper 
birch, red maple, hardy catalpa, black locust, balsam poplar, eastern 
cottonwood, silver maple, beech, American elm, eastern red cedar, 
red, blue, and Engeimann spruce, honey locust, western white pine, 
noble fir, black cherry, and yellow birch. Black walnut and yellow 
poplar are not hardy in the Northern Lake States, although they 
do well in the southern parts of Michigan and Wisconsin. None of 
these species has been tried out thoroughly under different conditions 
of soil and site, so that it can not be said finally that any of them are 
unsuited to planting in the region. On the other hand, the only ones 
which have so far proved successful in the northern part of the 
8 The scientific names of the species mentioned in this hulletin will be found listed in 
the appendix. 
