MARKETING PEANUTS 33 
the ounce sizes have been received in recent years from China. 
They compete with the extra large Virginias, which are slightly 
smaller in size than the orientals even if domestic factories maintain 
the prescribed size minimum. If plants shelling domestic peanuts 
should lower their grades, the salters would no doubt be that much 
more interested in orientals. No. 1 Virginias, which usually count 
out from 40 to 42 to the ounce, but at times run as small as 48 to 
the ounce, must compete with the 38 to 40 size of orientals. The 
present tariff seems to be keeping out the smaller-sized Asiatic pea- 
nuts to a large extent, but American shellers probably will continue 
to experience competition from the larger sizes of imported nuts. 
FEDERAL GRADES FOR SPANISH AND RUNNER TYPES OF PEANUTS 
The grades for Spanish- type peanuts were formerly almost as 
indefinite as those for the Virginia-type nut. Increased agitation for 
definite, well-established grades, expecially in the Southeast and 
Southwest, however, resulted in detailed investigations in both 
producing and consuming centers, and in the fall of 1921 the Bureau 
of Agricultural Economics of the Department of Agriculture, offered 
carefully considered tentative grades for shelled White Spanish 
peanuts. These grades, revised to September 1, 1925, 12 follow: 
U. S. No. 1 shall consist of shelled White Spanish peanuts which are whole 
and free from small shriveled, noticeably discolored, unshelled or damaged 
peanuts, and from foreign material. 
In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, not 
more than 1 per cent, by weight, may consist of other varieties of peanuts; not 
more than 2 per cent, by weight, of split or broken kernels; not more than 2 per 
cent, by weight, of small shriveled peanuts; not more than % per cent, by weight, 
of unshelled or damaged peanuts; not more than 34 per cent, by weight, of foreign 
material; not more than 134 per cent, by weight, may consist of peanuts with 
noticeably discolored skins which are otherwise of U. S. No. 1 grade, but of 
this amount not more than Yh (34 per cent) may be badly discolored. 
U. S. No. 2 shall consist of shelled White Spanish peanuts which may be split 
or broken, but which are free from small shriveled, unshelled or damaged pea- 
nuts, small pieces of peanuts, and from foreign material. 
In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, not 
more than 1 per cent, by weight, may consist of other varieties of peanuts; not 
more than 6 per cent, by weight, of small pieces of peanuts or small shriveled 
peanuts; not more than 13^ per cent, by weight, of unshelled or damaged peanuts; 
and not more than 34 per cent, by weight, of foreign material. 
DEFINITIONS OF GRADE TERMS 
1. " Small shriveled" peanuts in U. S. No. 1 means peanuts which are shriv- 
eled and which will pass through a screen of the type customarily in use, having 
H inch by % inch perforations; and in U. S. No. 2, peanuts which are shriveled 
and which will pass through a screen of the type customarily in use, having 
if-inch round perforations. 
2. "Small pieces of peanuts" means portions of peanuts which will pass 
through a screen of the type customarily in use, having £|-inch round per- 
forations. 
3. "Foreign material" means sticks, stones, dirt, shells, portions of vines, or 
any material other than peanut kernels. 
4." Split peanuts" means the separated halves of the peanut kernel. 
5. "Damaged peanuts" means — 
(a) Peanuts which are rancid or decayed to an extent visible externally. 
(6) Moldy peanuts. 
(c) Peanuts showing sprouts over V^-inch long. However, all sprouted 
peanuts the separated halves of which show decay shall be classed 
as damaged. 
12 See footnote 9, p. 17. 
75379°— 26f 3 
