86 BITLLETIX 1401, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULIURE 
highest class. As Xo. 2 split peanuts are often dirty and undesirable 
for use in a food product, it is recommended that Xo. 2 shelled 
peanuts be not used at all in the preparation of peanut butter or 
peanut candy, and that this grade be used only for stock food or for 
crushing into oil. No. 3 stock or culls should most certainly not be 
used in products sold for human consumption. 
Need for seed selection. — The need for careful selection of seed is of 
paramoiint importance to the peanut industry, especially in the 
Virginia-Xorth Carolina section. The selection of seed from varie- 
ties and strains yielding maximum quantities of well-filled, large- 
podded nuts, adapted to the purpose for which they are to be used, 
is advocated. As Spanish and Georgia Kimner farmers' stock are 
not graded by sizes, large-podded nuts of these varieties are less 
important than with the Virginia type. 
Cartful picking. — Increased care on the part of the operator of the 
picker in keeping out trash and dirt is desirable. Every one except 
the operator loses when the machine is not carefully rim. * In addition 
to paying for picking dirt, the grower must assume the cost of the 
extra bags necessary to sack this material. The cleaner must pay 
for cleaning out the extra' dirt, and often pays peanut prices for it. 
Need of improved ventilation and lighting in many peanut fac- 
tories. — Many of the older peanut factories in the South are poorly 
lighted and poorly ventilated. The installation of suitable ventila- 
tion, and painting the interior of the picking rooms with a white 
paint or enamel, should improve the grades put out. increase the 
output of the plants, and reduce the expense of hghting. 
Farmers' goods shipped in bulk should have doorway space. — When 
farmers' grade peanuts are shipped in bulk, space should be left 
in the doorway, by suitable bracing, so that the condition and grade 
of the entire load can be readily determined. If loaded solid the 
entire length of the car. it is difficult to estimate the amount of dirt 
in the lower portion of the car. 
Possibility of export trade in peanut produces and raw peanuts. — 
Manufacturers of peanut products might do well to consider the 
possibility of exporting freshly salted peanuts, well-made peanut 
butter, and the better grades of peanut candy. It is believed that 
with proper advertising, foreign outlets might be found for these 
products. Similarly, a well-planned advertising campaign in Canada 
and other foreign countries would expand the demand for raw pea- 
nuts, whether in large bags or in the cartons referred to in the first 
paragraph of these suggestions. 
SUMMARY 
Three types of peanuts are commercially important in the United 
States: The large-podded Virginia, the large-podded Runner, and 
the small-podded Spanish. 
Virginias id the shell reach the consumer in roasted form. Shelled 
Virginias and shelled Spanish peanuts appear on the market as malted 
peanuts, peanut candy, and peanut butter. Shelled Runners are 
used bv some peanut butter and candy manufacturers as a substitute 
for shelled Virginias, and when prices do not justify shelling. Runners 
are bought by crushing mills. In years when the relative market 
prices of crude peanut oil and shelled stock warrant the practice, 
some farmers' stock Spanish peanuts are crushed. Peanut oil is 
