16 BULLETIN 1494, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
unnecessary, that it can be thinned with a little kerosene, and 
that in the heat of the day it needs no thinning. ) 
19. Where water is available at least one portable pump and 
1,000 feet of hose should be provided during the fire season for 
every operation employing 20 or more men. 
20. There should be one patrolman for each active camp of 20 
Or more men, except where two camps are sufficiently close 
together to enable one man to cover the entire operation once 
during each half day. He should see that there is no smoking in 
the woods and that fires for heating chute grease are properly 
cared for, and should check up on felling areas at noon and 
night. 
21. One or more caches of fire-fighting tools should be available 
on every operation where men are at work during the fire sea- 
son. A cache should be large enough to outfit at least 50 per cent 
of the crew. Tools should be kept in a convenient place ready 
for use for fire only. 
22: All steam rigs Should be watched at noon and for an hour 
after quitting time. With each donkey or loader burning wood or 
coal one man should be kept to watch for sparks throughout the 
day during the critical part of the season. 
23. Any slash created during the fire season within 160 feet of 
any highway or any railroad burning coal or wood, or within 100 
feet of buildings, donkey engines in operation, lumber piles, con- 
struction camps, logging camps, sawmill sites, rollways of logs 
and tourist camp grounds, or within 25 feet of the center line of 
any foot or horse trail or railroad uSing oil-burning locomotives 
should be piled immediately—that is, concurrently with the cutting 
of the timber or other forest products—and should be made ready 
for burning at the first safe opportunity. This is a requirement of 
the Idaho State law. 
24. Every sawmill or other plant manufacturing wood products 
in or near forest land which burns refuse wood material near 
forest land should inclose with a fireproof wall at least 12 feet 
high an area at least 2 feet greater in diameter than the longest 
sticks which will be burned; or, better still, should provide a regu- 
lar screen-covered burner. 
25. A portable force pump should be kept at each Sawmill cutting 
20,000 feet or more daily. 
The camp warden.—The camp warden proposal has a great many 
things to recommend it in this region. The principal duties of such 
a man can be briefly listed: 8s; 
He will (1) arrange for obtaining and placing in commission all 
fire tools, water barrels, tank cars, sprinkler systems, telephones, 
pumps, hose, etc., prior to the opening of the fire season; (2) fre- 
quently inspect spark arresters and ash pans and supervise the work 
of patrolmen and watchmen; (3) post camp rules and State fire 
laws and enforce them; (4) supervise the piling of slash and later the 
burning; (5) have well-thought-out plans for fighting any fire that 
might start throughout the works; (6) observe weather conditions, 
relative humidity, temperature, and wind to determine the periods 
of extreme fire danger; (7) put on extra patrols and require addi- 
tional precautions against starting fires; (8) watch or prohibit 
entrance to the operation or adjoining cut-over lands of berry pickers, - 
hunters, fishermen, and others. 
PRESENT ORGANIZATION 
Intermingled ownership on the one hand and the public benefit 
from fire protection extending beyond the individual landowner’s 
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