WESTERN WHITE PINE AND LARCH-FIR FORESTS 15 
3. Instructions should be given to employees handling jobs 
where special risk is involved. Wngineers should have instruction 
in the care of spark arresters, dumping hot ashes, and sanding flues 
in dangerous places. Those doing blasting should look out for 
possible fires. 
4. (Smoking during the fire-danger season should be strictly 
> prohibited in the woods.) 
5. Patrolmen should follow trains. Usually there should be a 
speeder patrol on 5 miles or more of road. The speeder should not 
follow too soon after the train (about 20 minutes). Speeder patrol- 
men should carry tools (shovel, ax, and grub hoe), also a small 
water tank and hand pump. 
6. Spark-emitting machinery should be provided with safe and 
suitable devices for arresting sparks. 
7. (A device to prevent the escape of fire or live coals from ash 
pans or fire boxes on locomotives is essential. The Forest Service 
regards the complete elimination of the wood or coal burning 
boiler as the only satisfactory ultimate solution of risk from 
donkeys and locomotives.) 
8. Fire-fighting tools should go with each locomotive and log- 
ging engine (or group of logging engines) whether oil burners 
or not. These tools should be kept in a box to be opened only in 
case of fire. Tools should consist of an assortment of shovels, 
axes, hazel hose, mattocks, buckets, and hand pumps. 
9. Hach locomotive and logging engine (or group of engines) 
should have a power pump ready for use and at least 250 feet 
of fire hose. : 
10. Storage of water at logging-engine settings in reservoirs, 
tanks, or barrels is necessary, unless there is a gravity system to 
which the pump can be connected. 
11. In operations using railroads there should be some sort of 
fire engine or apparatus for pumping water in quantity to fires 
anywhere within 1,000 feet or so of the railroad tracks. A large 
gasoline track car with water tank, gas pump, and hose is excel- 
lent. (A tank car of not less than 4,000 gallons capacity, either 
with gas pump or used with steam force pump on the locomotive 
Which moves it, is used on railroad operations on national forest 
land.) 
12. Disposal of slashings. (Rights of way and donkey settings 
should be completely cleared before the beginning of the fire sea- 
son. In right-of-way clearing sound green trees 4 inches or more 
in diameter need not be cut, but should be trimmed up as far as 
a man can reach with an ax. Brush and small reproduction 
should be cut close to the ground. All rotten wood, débris, and 
windfall shouid be piled and burned. The right of way should 
be cleared and kept clean of dead grass and weeds and other 
inflammable material. ) 
13. Fall dead trees, or snags, within a radius of 100 to 150 feet 
of the setting of all steam logging engines. 
14. Fall snags within 100 feet of the center line of the rail- 
way. 
15. Clean up and dispose of the inflammable débris around 
camp in advance of putting up the buildings. 
16. Clean débris from about the base of trestles and bridges 
and supply barrels of water with fire buckets or set sprinkler 
systems on such structures. 
A few other suggestions should be added for the white pine 
region. 
17. Heating of coffee in the woods should not be permitted 
except at specially prepared camp grounds. 
18. Heating of chute grease should be allowed only in special 
stoves around which all slash and débris has been removed for 
a distance of 25 feet. Buckets and a supply of water should be 
available. (Some operators believe that heating of chute grease is 
