UTILIZATION OF DOGWOOD AND PERSIMMON 41 
SUMMARY 
All indications point to increased curtailment of the supply of dog- 
wood and persimmon, if present cutting and manufacturing prac- 
tices are continued. It is necessary, particularly with dogwood, that 
greater protection be given the trees when the larger and more com- 
mon species with which they are associated are being cut. Because 
of the comparatively small size of dogwood, many operators not 
realizing its value have either not harvested it or have carelessly 
injured it in falling and removing the other timber. 
The more progressive operator is finding it profitable to cut and 
remove the dogwood as a distinct operation before the regular log- 
ging operation begins. There is still, however, much avoidable in- 
jury done to the small unmerchantable trees which in a few years, as 
a result of freedom from crowding and shading by other trees, would 
reach merchantable size. 
In handling dogwood bolts, persimmon logs, and shuttle blocks 
there is great loss through improper seasoning. Many do not ap- 
preciate the extent of the loss in checking, warping, and twisting ; or 
if they appreciate it, do not understand the simple steps neces- 
sary to prevent it, at least in part, The loss is in many cases con- 
sidered unavoidable and a necessary evil, which is not at all the case. 
Success or failure is often determined rather by the extent of the 
losses in raw material during the seasoning process than by methods 
of manufacture. 
There will be opportunity also for economy of material in manu- 
facturing shuttles, particularly when the textile manufacturers cease 
to demand shuttles absolutely free of defects. They have been so 
accustomed to obtaining without any difficulty shuttles made from 
perfect stock that they do not consider that shuttles with minor de- 
fects will operate quite as satisfactorily in the loom. 
Although most manufacturers of both shuttle blocks and shuttles 
can readily dispose of their slabs, edgings, and rejects locally for 
fuel, there is an opportunity to sell this material at greater profit 
to manufacturers of handles for small products, such as knives and 
high-grade brushes. This is particularly true of the rejects of shut- 
tle manufacturers. The conversion of slabs, edgings, and rejects into 
sizes suitable for smaller products is expensive, but dogwood and 
persimmon are so well suited for certain small articles that prices 
sufficient to cover this expense should be obtained. Many consumers 
are paying more for foreign woods which are less desirable for this 
purpose than dogwood or persimmon. Concerted efforts should be 
made by manufacturers to find the consumers who will take continu- 
ously definite quantities of the small dimension stock that can be cut. 
Throughout the East and the West there are woods with properties 
similar to dogwood and persimmon which as yet have not been 
tried for shuttles. A thorough investigation sponsored by block and 
shuttle manufacturers and interested leaders in the textile industry, 
which could readily include certain foreign species, would in all 
probability reveal very interesting and valuable facts. 
There is need for the development of an impregnating material to 
make dogwood and persimmon more resistant to moisture. At the 
same time investigations of this character might well include im- 
