40 BULLETIN 1436, U. S. DEPAKTMENT OP AGRICULTURE 
It is used for turnery, furniture, musical instruments, and inside 
finish of boats, and has a beautiful figure when polished. 
CANYON LIVE OAK 
Canyon live oak {Q uer C us o^soZepsis) is an evergreen oak, with 
the soft, scaly trunk bark of a white oak. Its range is very wide, 
spreading from the southwestern corner of Oregon southward 
throughout the mountains of California, except the east side of the 
Sierras, to the mountains of central and southern Arizona. In the 
northern part of its range it occurs at elevations of 1,000 to 5,000 
feet ; in the southern part at 2,500 to 9,000 feet. 
It varies in size from low, dense chaparral brush to a wide-spread- 
ing tree 30 or 40 feet high with huge horizontal limbs and a short, 
thick, clear trunk 30 to 60 or more inches in diameter, developed in 
the open. In sheltered canyon bottoms, in groups, canyon live oak 
develops 15 or 20 feet of clear, straight trunk with little taper. 
The wood is light brown in color, variable in texture from fine to 
coarse, and is exceedingly tough and strong. Small quantities of it 
are used locally for wheel stock and farm implements. 
PACIFIC DOGWOOD 
The range of Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii) extends from the 
southern coast of British Columbia through Washington, Oregon, 
and California (coast ranges to San Jacinto Mountains and western 
slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains). The average tree is larger 
than the flowering dogwood of the East. The largest trees are found 
in the heavy Douglas fir forests of the country around Puget Sound 
in western Washington. Pacific dogwood occurs singly or in small 
groups with Douglas fir, redwood, western hemlock, and sometimes 
with western yellow and sugar pine. The species with which it 
associates are of such importance that heretofore the dogwood has 
not been given commercial consideration. The mechanical proper- 
ties of Pacific dogwood are listed in Table 4. 
In structure and appearance the wood is very similar to the flower- 
ing species. The pores are minute and fairly evenly distributed, the 
rays are very similar, though slightly narrower, and the color and 
grain are very much alike. As in the flowering dogwood, the pores 
are not so large as the pores of persimmon, and they are more evenly 
distributed throughout each growth ring. From a visual examina- 
tion it is difficult to distinguish Pacific from flowering dogwood. 
PACIFIC YEW 
Pacific yew (Taxus hrevifolia) reaches its largest size in western 
Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, where it occurs near 
margins of low mountain streams and on moist flats and benches. It 
is a small tree, usually 20 to 30 feet high and 6 to 12 inches in diam- 
eter. Occasionally it reaches 75 feet in height and 30 inches in 
diameter. It is very commonly used for bows in archery, a purpose 
for which it is highly desirable. 
