8 BULLETIN 1416, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
in number of farm orchards. Car-lot shipments numbered about 
2,000 cars in 1922-23, and 4,000 in 1923-24. From 20 to 40 per 
cent of the commercial crop is usually shipped in car lots. Local 
markets are important. The four southern apple counties are a part 
of the great Potomac-Shenandoah-Cumberland apple region with 
large commercial orchards in which York liapomalslaatis easily and 
Stayman Winesap, Ben Davis, and Winesap are prominent varieties. 
The apple sections of northern, western, and eastern Pennsylvania 
comprise mostly small to medium-size farm plantings in which the 
Baldwin and Northern Spy are the most popular varieties, and the 
crop is sold chiefly in the numerous local manufacturing centers. 
NEW JERSEY AND DELAWARE 
Intermediate between the North and South, New Jersey and 
Delaware produce the varieties of both sections, including Winesap 
and Ben Davis, as well as Oldenburg, Wealthy, and Williams. The 
commercial production in New Jersey is about equal to that of 
eastern New York and is increasing in the southwestern counties of 
Burlington, Camden, Gloucester, and Cumberland. Delaware pro- 
duces less than half as many apples as New Jersey, chiefly in Kent 
and Sussex Counties. There are some large commercial orchards. 
Both States ship heavily to New York, Philadelphia, and Boston, 
mostly in baskets and hampers. These apples are an important 
feature of the early fall market in the great eastern cities. In addi- 
tion to early apples many of the shipping stations load a large ton- 
nage of late apples packed in barrels. Storage of apples wrapped in 
oiled paper was reported favorably in this section m 1924. Several 
thousand bushels were stored by one cooperative association and 
fruit taken out late in the season was found to be in excellent condition. 
MARYLAND 
Most of the apples grown in Maryland are packed and shipped in 
barrels or baskets. During the summer months the principal varieties 
are Early Harvest, Yellow Transparent, and Rambo; in the fall, York 
Imperial, Grimes Golden, Stark, Winesap, Stayman Winesap, Jona- 
than, and Baldwin. Increased attention has been given to the pack- 
ing of apples in Maryland in the past few years, and better grading 
has become more prevalent. Some very fine stock is grown in the 
northern part of the State, also on the Kastern Shore in Wicomico 
and Worcester Counties. The principal cold-storage warehouses are 
in Baltimore. A few small plants are located in various parts of the 
State, particularly at Edgemont, Cumberland, and Havre de Grace. 
Considerable stock from the western section of the State is hauled to 
Baltimore by motor truck direct to the commission houses in the 
produce section, or to the cold-storage warehouses. 
SOUTHEASTERN 
The southeastern region includes the Potomac, Shenandoah, and 
Cumberland Valley sections of Virginia, West Virginia, southern 
Pennsylvania, and Maryland, and the Piedmont section of Virginia 
and outlying hilly sections in North Carolina and Georgia. There 
are many large young commercial orchards. The combined yolume of 
shipment from this section is sometimes equal to that of New York 
