MARKETING BARRELED APPLES 9 
State, while Virginia exceeds Michigan as a source of car-lot movement. 
About 20 cities receive half the car-lot output. In general, the cities 
of the Northeast and South constitute the main market territory. 
Several hundred carloads are shipped for canning and cider manu- 
facture. Export shipments are prominent in September and October. 
THE VALLEY REGION 
Production of the Shenandoah, Cumberland, and Potomac Valley 
sections in Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania 
averages about one-half as much as that of western New York. 
The districts around Martinsburg, W. Va., and Winchester and Staun- 
ton, Va., are prominent. Other heavy shipping centers are Biglers- 
ville, Pa., and Hancock, Md. The counties of Berkeley, W. Va.; 
Frederick and Augusta, Va.; Adams and Franklin, Pa.; and Washing- 
ton County, Md., are centers of production. This apple region often 
produces as large a yield per acre as western New York, and is 
adapted to choice varieties hike Winesap, Grimes Golden, and Yellow 
Newtown, and to several productive, annual bearing kinds including 
York Imperial, Stayman Winesap, Rome Beauty, and Ben Davis. 
_ A list of commercial holdings published by the Virginia State Depart- 
ment of Agriculture in 1922 indicated that about two-fifths of the 
holdings in the State were York Imperial, one-fifth Winesap, one-fifth 
Ben Davis and Yellow Newtown, and the remaining one-fifth Stay- 
man Winesap, Grimes Golden, and miscellaneous varieties. The 
stronghold of the York Imperial and Ben Davis is the valley region. 
Frederick, Augusta, and Stoner doali Counties in Virginia had over 
half of the Ben Davis, and Frederick County one-fourth of the Stay- 
man Winesap. 
The crop is ready in time for the early domestic and export trade 
and, with the aid of large local cold-storage plants, continues on sale 
throughout the season. The region is subject to late frosts and 
some troublesome orchard pests and diseases, but has been generally 
prosperous and is one of the few large eastern regions that are increas- 
ing commercial apple acreage greatly in recent years. Virginia had 
about 3,000,000 young trees and 7,000,000 of bearing age in the 
census year 1919. 
THE PIEDMONT REGION 
The Piedmont region extends along the eastern mountain ranges 
of Virginia down into North Carolina, with apple-shipping centers 
at Crozet, Afton, Arrington, Roanoke, and Stuart, Va., and in 
Surry County, N. C. Yellow Newtown (Albemarle Pippin) long 
famous in the export trade is at home in the Piedmont region, but 
Winesap is the leading variety and York Imperial, Stayman Wine- 
sap, and Arkansas (Mammoth Black Twig) are important. The 
average production is about one-third that of the Potomac, Cum- 
berland, and Shenandoah Valley region. The soil is rather less 
easily tilled and less fertile than in the valley region. 
OTHER REGIONS 
_ There are commercial apple districts in southwestern Virginia; 
in Haywood, Polk, and Henderson Counties, N. C., and in Rabun 
and Habersham Counties in northeastern Georgia. Habersham 
