MARKETING BARRELED APPLES 15 
handling, a tolerance is usually provided for apples which are below 
the prescribed size. Recommended Federal grades and some of the 
State grades designate leading grades by numbers, as No. 1 or No. 2. 
The orchard-run grade or class is common in New York and New 
England. It is usually applied to the picked apples of general 
market size and quality, the rotten, bruised, misshapen, badly worm- 
infested, very small, and rough apples having been thrown out. 
This simple grading seems practicable for the Baldwin crop in nor- 
mal years, but not so well adapted to smaller and less uniform market 
varieties or to apple crops of variable quality and condition. 
There is a wide variation in uniformity of size and color in barreled 
apples. Apples 214 inches in diameter are rather small and the 
pack, A-214 inches minimum, may include any fruit from rather 
small size to very large apples 3 to 4 inches in diameter, the color and 
finish showing an equally wide range. Apples legally branded 
‘““A-216”’ may vary widely in value and price, aside from general 
quality and condition, which alone include plenty of variation. 
_ The increasing number of large orchards and associations and 
the use of sizing machines has favored more accurate and uniform 
grading and sizing. In handling large quantities the tendency is 
to make at least two additional classes, marketing the largest and 
best colored fruit as a Fancy pack, or A-234 inches; next a medium 
size as A-214, and the apples of smail size but otherwise desirable 
pack as A-21¢4. The smooth, unblemished, highly colored small 
apples when separated bring good prices, especially for export. <A 
comparatively few large growers size the A or No. 1 apples from 214 
inches upward in four or five sizes varying one-quarter inch, but as 
yet only a small part of the market supply is graded so exactly. 
Most A grade apples below 2 14-inch size are packed with the B grade. 
The proportion of first-grade apples in the fruit as brought from 
the tree varies from one-half to three-fourths. In seasons when the 
crop is of good quality about three-fourths of the picked apples go 
into the A grade barrels in such sections as Virginia and western 
~ New York. 
REQUIREMENTS BY STATES 3 
The following States have recognized the United States grades as 
_ Official standards: Llinois, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, 
_ Ohio, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina. The United States grades 
are used by shipping-point inspection service also, although not 
officially adopted, in Delaware, Kansas, Maryland, Tennessee, 
West Virginia, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Figure 6 shows inspection 
_ at shipping point while car is being loaded. 
| Over a dozen of the States in the barreled-apple region, including 
several which have recognized the United States grades, have adopted 
State grades. Accordingly, the large markets offer barreled stock 
packed according to the requirements of the State, and stock packed 
according to laws of the respective States shipping to that market, 
also ae eee according to the United States standard grades. 
As the degree of enforcement differs considerably, there is a 
considerable variation in stock put up under many of the State 
brands. Some States permit private brands, under such terms as 
Superior, and Selected. With the adoption of the United States 
8 This discussion refers to harvest season of 1924, 
