16 BULLETIN 1416, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
recommended grades by an increasing number of States, the confusion 
tends to grow less. 
The leading market grade for barreled apples is the next below 
Fancy. This leader is termed A grade in the State laws of Connecti- 
cut, Delaware, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, 
New York, Vermont, and Wisconsin. The leading grade is termed 
No. 1 in Illinois, Maine, and West Virginia, and in the recommended 
United States grades. 
The established grade is usually independent of size, but Maine 
specifies 214 inches diameter as minimum size, and Michigan and 
Oklahoma 2% inches for the larger varieties and 214 for others. 
The minimum size of the fruit, however, must be indicated on the 
package according to requirements of nearly all States. 
Fic. 6.—Inspection at shipping point is often done while cars are being loaded 
Specifications for A or No. 1 grades require generally that the 
pack shall be of one variety, well grown, mature, sound, hand picked, 
properly packed, normal shape, and free or practically free from 
dirt, insects, and fungous injury, bruises, and other defects, except 
those necessarily caused by grading and packing. Variations from 
a standard are allowed to range 5 to 10 per cent by weight in most 
tates. 
The Fancy grades provided by State laws differ from the leading 
grade in requiring higher color, greater freedom from defects, less 
tolerance for variation, more careful packing, and more uniform 
size. A few specify minimum size, which is usually 234 inches dia- 
meter for most varieties and 3 inches for the largest varieties. Others 
do not mention size except that it be indicated on the package. 
Grades next below the leading grades, A or No. 1, are usually 
termed either B or No. 2. There is a Commercial grade in Ilhnois 
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