MARKETING BARRELED APPLES 43 
discouragement just before the end of the century and there was talk 
of cutting down apple trees. Tremendous plantings in the Middle 
West discouraged the eastern growers. The most recent overpro- 
duction panic seemed based on the rapid growth of the western 
boxed-apple industry. Possibly, as in the past, the growth of popula 
tion, the increase of exports, and the commercial survival of only 
the best-adapted apple districts will take care of the problem, 
DISTRIBUTION OF BARRELED APPLES 
The market stronghold of the barreled apple is in the East. East- 
ern apples constitute more than half the average total of car lots 
shipped and the great cities from New York west to Chicago and 
Baath to Atlanta take more carloads of barreled than boxed apples. 
In comparing actual quantities of receipts, about 30 per cent must 
be deducted from the number of cars of barreled apples to balance 
the heavier loading of cars of boxed apples. Equivalents made use 
of in this bulletin for general purposes of comparison are 756 boxes 
or bushels per car of boxed apples, and 175 barrels, or 525 bushels 
per car of barreled stock, a proportion of 1 car of boxed apples to 
1.4 cars of barreled. 
The principal barreled-apple regions find their best markets in the 
nearest great consuming centers. They also extend their market 
territory along the lines of least competition in season. 
NORTHEASTERN REGION 
The New England States have many home markets but ship some 
apples to New York, and in favorable market seasons Maine and 
Massachusetts Baldwins appear as far west as Chicago. 8 
Eastern New York ships mostly to cities of New York and New 
England but the distribution of apples of the western New York 
section is very general east of the Mississippi. Destination records 
of 12,287 western New York shipments show that 4,903 carloads, or 
more than one-third, were sent to 212 towns and cities of New York 
State. Pennsylvania received about one-sixth, New Jersey one- 
eighth, and Ohio one-tenth. These four States took over three- 
fourths of the western New York shipments. Connecticut and 
Massachusetts each received over 400 cars. The few hundred cars 
remaining went mostly to the Middle West and the South. Ship- 
ments were made to ait 30 States in all. 
Comparison of primary destinations over a five-year period shows 
a tendency toward more condensed distribution. A greater number 
of cars were shipped to northeastern markets in 1923-24 as compared 
with 1918-19, and not so many to the Southwest. Such a tendency 
may be explained as a result of high freights and the increasing 
competiton of northwestern and southern apples in middle-western 
and southern markets. 
One or more large cities get most of the western New York ship- 
ments sent to each State. About a dozen cities take five-sixths of the 
shipments, yet there are hundreds of smaller places that take from 
1 car to 100 cars. Evidently the car-lot movement goes chiefly to 
supply the cities, although many of these cars are later reshipped or 
diverted to smaller places. New York, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, 
Cleveland, and Cincinnati are market stand-bys, receiving large 
