THE LESSEE CORN STALK-BORER. 23 
WINTERING. 
In the latitude of Columbia, S. C, this species apparently passes 
the first part of the winter as a larva and the latter part as a pupa 
and possibly adult, although it has not been possible to verify this 
absolutely by rearing experiments. 
Larvae have been found in the field, in their burrows in the stalks, 
as late as the middle of November, after which time none could be 
found. Repeated efforts were made at various times during winter 
to find pupae, and one cocoon containing a pupa was found in January 
which, unfortunately, died. This pupa probably would have changed 
early in the spring to an adult. 
' According to the experiments of the writers in 1915, larvae pupating 
in the fall did not winter as such but gave rise to moths in early 
winter. These moths died within a short time, which circumstance 
would seem to indicate that this species does not winter in the adult 
stage. Larvae have been kept alive in rearing cages under outdoor 
conditions up to January, at which time they died, apparently from 
being kept in closed receptacles, which was very favorable for the 
development of a fungus which killed them. 
In Arizona the species probably passes the winter in the larval 
stage, judging from the fact that larvae in all sizes were found as 
late as November 3 at Tempe, Ariz. 
REARING METHODS. 
In rearing the larvae of this species a number of different types of 
cages were used, such as the ordinary "pot cage" surmounted by a 
lantern chimney covered with cheesecloth, or with a celluloid cylin- 
der covered with cheesecloth. None of these types of cages gave 
complete satisfaction, for the reason that they could not be made 
tight enough and the larvae, being very restless, are ever on the 
alert to find an opening through which they may escape. 
Tin salve boxes and the ordinary low-type jelly glass with tin 
cover proved the most satisfactory of all cages. In rearing these 
larvae, a small quantity of sand was placed in the bottom of each 
and kept moistened. These containers were kept supplied with 
fresh cowpea leaves and a number of larvae were reared in each 
receptacle. 
To obtain eggs, a cage, consisting of a 6-inch flowerpot saucer, 
lantern chimney covered with cheesecloth, and a bottle containing a 
small sorghum plant, in water, was employed with success. 
In making a study of the different instars, small test tubes, used 
in bacteriological experiments, were found to be the most practical, 
on account of the convenient size and also because observations could 
be made without removing specimens. 
