20 
BULLETIN 539, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Table VII. — Length of pupal stage of Etasmopalpus lignosellus. Records obtained 
at Columbia, S. C, in 1915. 
Number 
of indi- 
viduals. 
Date of- 
Pupa- Emer- 
tion. gence. 
1913. 
Sept. 29 
Sept. 30 
1914. 
July 8 
July 9 
...do 
...do.... 
July 11 
July 12 
July 13 
...do.... 
1915. 
Aug. 16 
Aug. 17 
Aug. 18 
...do 
Aug. 20 
...do 
Aug. 21 
...do 
...do.... 
...do.... 
Aug. 23 
Aug. 29 
...do 
...do... 
Aug. 30 
Sept. 24 
Sept. 25 
'Sept." 27 
Sept. 28 
YAoY. 
..do.. 
..do.. 
..do.. 
Sept. 29 
Sept. 30 
Oct 
Oct. 4 
Oct. 6 
Oct. 7 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
...do... 
Oct. 13 
...do... 
Oct. 18 
Oct. 20 
1913. 
Oct. 16 
...do.... 
1914. 
July 17 
...do 
July IS 
July 20 
...do 
...do.... 
July 21 
July 20 
1915. 
Aug. 25 
...do 
Aug. 27 
Aug. 28 
.. .do 
Aug. 30 
Aug. 28 
Aug. 29 
Aug. 30 
Aug. 31 
...do 
Sept. 6 
Sept. 7 
Sept. 9 
' 7 
4 
6 
Sept 
Oct 
Oct 
Oct. 9 
Oct. 7 
Oct. 6 
Oct. 7 
Oct. 9 
Oct. 12 
Oct. 14 
Oct. 15 
...do... 
Oct. 16 
...do... 
Oct. 18 
...do... 
Oct. 19 
Oct. 20 
Oct. 23 
Oct. 25 
Oct. 28 
Nov. 1 
Nov. 8 
..do... 
Nov. 10 
Days. 
10 
10. 16+ 
Sex. 
Female.... 
..do 
..do 
2 females . 
Female... 
...do..... 
Female.. 
Female. 
Female... 
2 females. 
Female... 
Female. 
Female. 
Female... 
..do 
..do 
..do 
..do 
..do 
..do 
..do 
..do 
..do 
..do 
..do 
..do 
..do 
Female... 
...do 
2 females . 
Male. 
Do. 
1 male. 
Male. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
1 male. 
Male. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Average length of pupal stage, 10.16+ days. 
Maximum length of pupal stage, 21 days. 
Minimum length of pupal stage, 7 days. 
MATING. 
Moths of this species usually mate the second day after emergence 
from pupae in the summer time, and in the fall this period is somewhat 
lengthened. Mating probably takes place at night, although the 
moths have never been seen in coitu. A pair were found in copula 
in a cage in the morning and upon examination it was discovered 
that they were unable to disconnect themselves. 
