58 BULLETIN 1031, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
all off-color stock and the consequent striking uniformity of color 
and markings. 
It is planned to continue building up these two herds as rapidly 
as possible from the offspring to a total of approximately 2,000 
head. The plan will be to replace the poorest individuals in both 
herds with the offspring from the special herd and the best offspring 
from the main herd, with minimum interference with the calf crop. 
from the introduction of too many young cows in the breeding herd 
at any one time. 
INCREASING CALF CROP. 
Where live-stock production is managed primarily on a breeding 
basis, as recommended for southern New Mexico, the ratio of cows 
maintained over a period of years to calves produced to selling age 
is of the first importance. If the average calf crop is 50 per. cent or 
less, as it frequently is in this locality, an increase of 5 calves from 
every 100 cows may mean a decrease of 10 per cent in the cost of 
producing the average calf to weaning age. Management require- 
ments of the stock on southwestern ranges, to avoid drought, warrant 
such effort as will most economically secure the greatest number of 
calves possible. | 
In connection with a study of live-stock production in the 11 
Western States during 1914, data relative to calf crop over a period 
of years were obtained from stockmen for all of the western States, 
including the Southwest.*s 
Table 20 shows, by States, the average number of calves for each 
hundred cows, as well as the number of bulls for each 100 cows, as 
given by the schedules from stockmen. 
TABLE 20.—Average number of buils for each 100 cows and average number of 
calves from each 100 cows. 
State. Bulls. Calves. State. Bulls. | Calves. 
RTI OW ae 5 dem fy sea eG Se iG 57 New Mexico ahess oe) see eres 
CW aliformigdy a oe eee UNS Pes 783 Hos ODE | | OLES OMe appear keine alae oie ro | 4,04 75. 74 
Colorad ove six 7oes. sae es AV AG |i GO; St bly ibaa ae pak aE ei eae ee | 4 69 
GE Oye wopitemiaeati lea GV 5 Ae Aa ir nT Seen Narcteshinmerto rie aaah cen ae ees 3.72 | 79.48 
Montanays 4a 435 eee ree | 3. 44 | Fos So cl |W YOUNG 7b ese ee es ay ate cay se | §.52 13: 2 
INC Gia ee LC SENAY eee OND aE Pic toe leer | 
The average calf crop for southern New Mexico over a period of 
years does not exceed 50 per cent. 
Table 21 gives the records of calf crop each year in southern 
New Mexico, estimated in connection with the investigations at the 
Jornada Range Reserve since 1916, and similar data for the whole 
18 Barnes, Will C., and Jardine, James T., Livestock Production in the Eleven Far 
Western Range States, U. S. Dept. Agr., Office of the Secretary, Report No. 110, Part II, 
1916. 
