RANGE AND CATTLE MANAGEMENT DURING DROUGHT. 59 
State since 1917, obtained from the Cattle Sanitary Board of New 
Mexico. 
TABLE 21.—Average number of calves for each 100 cows. 
Southern 
Year. New Whole 
Mexico. i ; 
POT G ie Maa ea | OTD Rn ad Fen res oe by eat a 
TIC (entire ae er 35 133 
OU Seyi ee aes a 8 25 30 
ON Ie use re Ne a 35 25 
Avera ie Was lace eral 29.1 
150 per cent of usual calf cron. 
The results obtained on the Jornada Range Reserve up to 1915 
were no exception to the other ranges of New Mexico. The calf crop 
on the reserve in 1913 was approximately 48 calves per 100 cows; 
in 1914, 62; and in 1915, 52. The period 1913 to 1915 includes three 
good years, so that the average for the reserve prior to 1916, when 
a period of drought is included, did not, in all probability, reach 
above 50 calves per 100 cows. 
Breeding stock on Arizona and New Mexico ranges are, for the 
most part, handled on the open range or in large pastures, making 
proper bul! service difficult. Little or no effort has been made in the 
past to care for stock during the winter and spring, and cows very 
often go into the breeding season in poor condition. In the other 
States breeding stock are handled in smaller herds, thus facilitating 
bull service. Breeding stock are fed during winter and early spring 
and go into the breeding season in good condition. These differences 
in methods of handling stock in the Southwest and in other States 
are, no doubt, largely responsible for the yearly average of 16 calves 
less per hundred cows in Arizona, 23 less for the southern part of 
New Mexico, and 7 less for the whole State than the average for the 
other nine States. 7 
CALF CROP ON THE JORNADA RANGE RESERVE SINCE 1915. 
Investigations into the possibility of increasing the calf crop have 
been an important feature of the studies at the Jornada Range Re- 
serve since 1915. The original plan was to study the comparative 
calf crop from a herd of approximately 1,500 cows run together, a 
herd of 500, and a herd of 42, all three under fence on the reserve, 
and the calf crop from range herds on similar range under prevail- 
ing open-range practice. The 500-head special herd and the 1,500- 
head herd were the same used in the general investigations, as well as 
in the demonstrations in improving the grade of stock, and have 
already been discussed under the latter heading. The large herd 
