CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN WHEAT YAEIETIES. 73 
wide; shoulders midwide to wide, square to elevated; beaks narrow, acute, 
0.5 to 1.0 mm. long ; apical awns several, 8 to 40 mm. long ; kernels white, 
midlong to long, soft, ovate, distinctly humped; germ midsized; crease mid- 
wide, middeep to deep, pitted ; cheeks rounded ; brush large, midlong to long. 
This variety is quite similar to Surprise, but differs principally in being 
earlier and shorter and in having more numerous and longer apical awns and 
larger and humped kernels. Spikes, glumes, and kernels of this wheat are 
shown in Plate XIII, B. 
History. — Hugh A. Crawford, Napa, Calif., obtained this variety from a 
neighbor who said he had noticed an unusual stool of wheat near an un- 
frequented road and who cut it when ripe and started experimenting with it. 
Mr. Crawford bought the original seed in 1913 and increased it until in 1917 
he had 360 acres growing at Winters, Calif. He named it Pilcraw Enormous 
and distributed it. 
DistrWution. — Grown in Napa and Sacramento Counties, Calif. 
EICE. 
Description. — Plant winter habit, early, midtall ; stem white, midstrong ; 
spike awnless, fusiform, dense, erect; glumes glabrous, white, short, midwide; 
shoulders midwide to wide, oblique to square ; beaks nearly wanting ; apical 
awns wanting to few, 1 to 10 mm. long ; kernels pale red, short to midlong, soft, 
ovate ; germ small to midsized ; crease midwide, shal- 
low to middeep; cheeks angular; brush midsized, 
midlong. 
This variety is very similar to Zimmerman, but 
dilfers principally in having a more fusiform al- 
though denser spike, wider shoulder, and longer 
beaks and apical awns. The kernels also are harder. 
Fig. 24. Outline map of a Spikes, glumes, and kernels of Eice wheat are shown 
portion of the east-central in Plate XIV, A. 
United States, showing the Histonj.— The origin of Rice wheat is undeter- 
t:n^"'i:^^^X ■"'-^' ="«^--='^ " '« ^---^ to be an old variety in 
30,900 acres. ^^^ United States. In 1883 it was first reported as a 
" new variety tested by M. F. P., Mount Pleasant, 
Ontario County, N. Y." (150, p. 657), and it also was mentioned in that year by 
C. S. Plumb {153. p. 310) in a paper entitled " The Wheats of the World," read 
at the Batavia Institute. 
Distribution. — Grown in Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, Ten- 
nessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The distribution is shown in Figure 24. 
Synonyms. — Early Rice, Red Rice, White Rice. These are names used for 
the variety by gi'owers in one or another of the States named. 
MINHAKDI. 
Description. — Plant winter habit, midseason, midtall; stem white, slender, 
strong; spike a^^^lless, fusiform, middense, erect; glumes glabrous, white, mid- 
long, narrow ; shoulders narrow, wanting to oblique ; beaks v/ide, obtuse, 1 mm. 
long; apical awns several, occurring on upper third of spike, usually in- 
curved, 2 to 15 mm. long; kernels red, short to midlong, soft to semihard, 
ovate ; germ small ; crease midwide, middeep ; cheeks usually rounded ; brush 
midsized, midlong. This is one of the most winter hardy wheats grown in 
America. 
History.— The Minhardi was originated at the Minnesota Agricultural Ex- 
periment Station. It is one of the progeny of a cross made between Odessa 
