104 BIJLLETII^ 1074, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
truncate, 1 mm. long ; apical awns few, 3 to 15 mm. long ; kernels white, short, 
soft, ovate ; germ midsized ; crease midwide, shallow to middeep ; cheeks usually 
rounded; brush midsized, midlong. 
Foisy wheat is easily distinguished by the tall plant and the long, rather lax, 
but clavate spike. Plate XXIV, B, shows spikes, glumes, and kernels of Foisy 
wheat. 
History. — This variety originated on the farm of M. G. Foisy, near the site 
of West Woodburn, in northern Marion County, Oreg. About 1865, Mr. Foisy 
" noticed a head of red chafi: wheat in his field of white chaff wheat, of unusual 
size, gathered it, and planted it in his garden until he had sufficient to seed a 
small field. Mr. Foisy, who was a Frenchman, was too modest to call it after 
his name, but insisted that it was Oregon Red Chaff, yet there is no one about 
him that knows it by any other name than Foisy " {100, p. 10). 
Distri'bution. — Grown in 11 counties of western Oregon. 
Synonym. — Oregon Golden Chaff. Oregon Red Chaff, and Red Chaff. These 
are all local names used for the variety in Oregon. 
HAED FEDERATION. 
Description. — Plant spring habit, early, short; stem white, strong; spike 
awnless, oblong, dense, erect ; glumes glabrous, brown, short, wide ; shoulders 
wide, square ; beaks narrow, acute, 0.5 mm. long ; apical awns wanting ; 
kernels white, short, hard, ovate, with truncate tip; germ large; crease mid- 
wide, middeep, frequently pitted ; cheeks angular to rounded ; brush large, 
midlong. 
Hard Federation differs from Federation in being slightly shorter and in 
having a hard kernel. Spikes, glumes, and kernels of Hard Federation are 
shown in Plate XXV, B. 
History. — Hard Federation was originated by selection from the Federation 
in Australia. The following history was recorded {30, p. 664) in 1914: 
In consequence of the variations of the ordinary type exhibited by the strain 
of Federation wheat now being grown at Cowra Experiment Farm, it has 
been deemed advisable to apply a distinct name to it, and " Hard Federation " 
has been selected as the most appropriate. The departure from type was 
first noticed by J. T. Pridham, plant breeder, in 1907 or 1908, one of the 
plants selected from the stud plats being observed to thrash grain of remark- 
ably hard and flinty appearance. The plant has the distinctive brown head 
and general appearance of Federation in the field, but the grain was of a 
class that has never been seen in the variety before. The seed was propagated, 
and in 1910 the occurrence of white heads was noticed, and from then until 
1912 distinctly white heads were common among the brown, but in 1913 there 
were no white-eared plants, and it is hoped that the seed will now be true 
to type. 
Hard Federation was first introduced into the United States in August, 
1915, by the United States Department of Agriculture {191, S. P. I. No-. 41079). 
The seed was presented to the United States Department of Agriculture by 
George Valder, undersecretary and director of the Department of Agriculture, 
Sydney, New South Wales. It was first grown at the Sherman County Branch 
Station, Moro, Oreg., in 1916. Experiments conducted by tlie Department in 
Oregon and California from 1917 to 1919, reported by Clark, Stephens, and 
Florell {(H, p. 12-17), have shown it to be a high-yielding, dry-land wheat, 
and it has since been increased and distributed. 
Distrihution. — Grown at several experiment stations in the western part of 
the Ignited States and commercially to a slight extent in California and Oregon 
in 1920. 
