CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN" WHEAT VARIETIES. 123 
JONES FIFE (JONES WINTEK FIFE) . 
Description. — Plant winter habit, midseason, midtall ; stem white, midstrong ; 
spike awnless, oblong-fusiform, middense, nodding; glumes pubescent, white, 
midlong, midwide to wide; shoulders midwide, oblique to square; beaks wide, 
obtuse, 0.5 to 1 mm. long; apical awns few to several, lower ones often in- 
curved, 3 to 8 mm. long ; kernels red, short to midlong, soft to semihard, ovate, 
humped ; germ midsized, abrupt ; crease midwide to wide, middeep to deep ; 
cheeks angular; brush midsized, midlong. 
This variety differs from Mealy principally in having a nodding spike and 
a softer kernel. It makes a comparatively weak flour for bread making. 
Spikes, glumes, and kernels of Jones Fife wheat are shown in Plate XXXII, B. 
History. — Jones Fife (Jones Winter Fife) was originated by A. N. Jones, of 
Newark, Wayne County, N. Y., in 1889.'' According to Carleton {61, p. 221), 
*'it descended from Fultz, Mediterranean, and Russian Velvet." 
Distribution. — Grown as Fife, Jones Fife, or Jones Winter Fife in Idaho, 
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Ohio, Pennsyl- 
vania, Utah, Virginia, Washington, and W^est Virginia, and as synonyms in 
Colorado and Wyoming. This distribution is shown in Figure 48. 
Fig. 48. — Outline map of the noi-thern. United States, showing tlie distribution 
of Jones Fife wheat in 1919. Estimated area, 476,100 acres. ^ 
Synonyms. — Burbank's Super, Canadian Hybrid, Crail Fife, Fife, Fishhead, 
Silver King, Super, Velvet Chaff, Winter Fife. 
Burbank's Super, or Super wheat, was first distributed by Luther Burbank, 
of Santa Rosa, Calif., in the faU of 1917. The following is Mr. Burbank's first 
statement regarding this variety, published in August, 1917, in his catalogue 
under the title "The New Burbank Wheat" (51) : 
It is with unusual satisfaction that I now offer for the first time a limited 
quantity of my new wheat ; the best result of 10 years of most careful and ex- 
pensive experiments. It has been tested alongside of 68 of the best wheats of 
the world, and has excelled them all in yield, uniformity, and other desirable 
characteristics ; the growth is strong, 4 feet on good ordinary soil, tillers unusu- 
ally well, and on ordinary valley soil, without special cultivation, care, or 
fertilizing, this summer produced at the rate of forty-nine and 88-100 bushels 
per acre, every plant and every kernel uniform, as this wheat was originally 
all grown from one single kernel. Even at present prices of ordinary wheat 
for milling purposes, it will be readily seen that the crop of each acre would 
purchase an acre of the best wheat land. 
The small field of this new wheat has been the wonder and surprise of 
thousands who have seen it, nothing like it in uniformity and beauty ever 
having been seen before. The cut shows the exact size and appearance of the 
long, smooth, white, well-filled heads. Every kernel is guaranteed uniform 
and correct to type. 
16 Printed stationery of A. N. Jones. 
