CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN WHEAT VARIETIES. 
131 
mm. long ; awns 3 to 7 cm. long ; kernels white, long, soft, elliptical, acute ; 
germ small to midsized ; crease narrow, shallow ; cheeks usually rounded ; brush 
small, usually long. 
The above description is for only one of several strains of TreadweU wheat. 
History. — TreadweU wheat was recorded in the Rural New Yorker in 1868 as 
having originated " in Michigan and is probably a hybrid." Several other early 
references refer to TreadweU wheat as a mixed variety. An awnless white- 
kerneled strain and an awned red-kerneled strain had been developed from it 
as early as 1882. The awnless white-kerneled strain was known as Smooth 
TreadweU and the awned red-kerneled strain as Bearded TreadweU {81, p. 27). 
The original wheat is thought to have been 
mostly of the type described above. 
Distribution. — Reported in 1919 from Oak- 
land and Tuscola Counties, Mich. In Tus- 
cola County it was described as above, 
while in Oakland County it was reported to 
be an awnless wheat, having white kernels. 
BAAET (EAitLY BAAKT). 
Description. — Plant spring habit, early, 
midtall to tall ; stem white, midstrong ; spike 
awned, fusiform, middense, inclined ; glumes 
glabrous, white, long, narrow ; shoulders 
narrow, oblique to square; beaks 3 to 5 
mm. long ; awns 3 to 6 cm. long ; kernels 
white, long, soft to semihard, ovate to ob- 
pyriform ; germ small ; crease narrow, shal- 
low ; cheeks usually rounded; brush mid- 
sized, short to midlong. 
This variety can be distinguished from 
all others by the yellowish pear-shaped 
kernels. A spike, glumes, and kernels of Baart wheat are shown in Plate 
XXXYI, B. 
History. — The Early Baart was received with four other varieties {197, S'. P- 1. 
No. 5078) from Australia by the United States Department of Agriculture in 
1900. The commercial distribution of the variety in this country certainly is 
the result of this introduction. In Australia it has never been a leading com- 
mercial variety, although it has been grown by some farmers for many years. 
In recent introductions of wheat from South Africa varieties have been obtained 
which are identical with Early Baart. The name " Baart " is Dutch for 
bearded. It seems probable that the variety was introduced to Australia from 
the Orange River Colony or the Transvaal in South Africa and was originally 
of European origin {67, p. 3). 
The variety probably was first distributed for commercial growing by the 
Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station, which obtained its original seed from 
the Office of Cereal Investigations, United States Department of Agriculture. 
The variety was well established in A-rizona by 1914, when it was first grown in 
Washington, and later spread to Oregon, Idaho, and California. 
Distribution. — Grown in Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, 
Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, and Washington. (Fig. 52.) 
Synonyms. — Arizona Baart, Columbia, Diener Hybrids, Diener No. 18, and 
White Columbia. Arizona Baart is a name often used for the variety, because 
it first became commercially established in Arizona. Columbia and White 
Columbia are local names used for Early Baart wheat in the vicinity of Fair- 
FiG. 52. — Outline map of the west- 
ern United States, showing the 
distribution of Baart wheat in 
1919. Estimated area, 500,500 
acres. 
