140 BULLETIX lOTi, U. S. DEPAETMEXT OF AGEICULTUEE. 
This variety is distinct in liaring short, wide, semihard red kernels with 
a long, collared brush. The lower leaves of Champlaiu are distinctly pubescent. 
A spike, glumes, and kernels of Champlaiu wlieat are shown in Plate XXXIX, A. 
History. — The following history of Champlain was published in the Rural 
New Yorker in 1877 (13) : 
Champlain was produced in 1870 by Mr. Pringie in his endeavors to unite the 
hardiness of the Black Sea with the fine qualities of the Golden Drop. Several 
varieties were the result of this cross, from which the above was chosen as 
showing increased vigor and productiveness over its parents. A selection from 
this for the past seven years has now, Mr. Pringie thinks, established its char- 
acter, and the result is a wheat bearded like the Black Sea with the white chaff 
of the Golden Drop. 
C. G. Pringie did his wheat breeding at Charlotte. Vt.. near Lake Champlain. 
This wheat evidently was named for the lake. 
Pringle's Champlain is the name under which the variety first became 
known. Mr. Pringie apparently, however, did not intend that his name should 
be a part of the name of any of the varieties of wheat which he distributed. 
Distribution. — Gro\vn as Pringle's Champion, chiefly under irrigation, in 
Yellowstone County, Mont., and Park County, Wyo. 
Synonym. — Pringle's Champion. This name is wrongly but most commonly 
used by growers of the Champlain variety. 
JAVA (EAELY JAVA). 
Description. — Plant spring habit, early, midtall ; stem white, slender, mid- 
strong ; spike awned, fusiform, middense, inclined ; glumes glabrous, white, 
midlong to long, narrow to midwide, easily deciduous ; shoulders wanting to 
narrow, oblique; beaks 2 to 15 mm. long; awns, 2 to 8 cm. long; kernels red, 
midlong, soft, ovate to elliptical, pointed ; germ small to midsized ; crease mid- 
wide, middeep ; cheeks usually angular ; brush midsized, midlong, slightly 
collared. 
The above is the description of the most common type of Java, which usually 
is distinguished by its long beaks. There are many types in the Java variety 
as grown in the field, including both hard and soft kernels, white and brown 
glumes, and various lengths of beaks. Plate XXXIX, B, shows a spike, glumes, 
and kernels of Java wheat. 
History. — This variety is probably one of the oldest spring varieties grown in 
the United States. It apparently was first known as Siberian, concerning 
which the following was recorded in 1837 (1) : 
" Cultivator " says : Received sample from Dr. Goodsell. of Utica. said to have 
come from Switzerland. Prolific, heavy yielder of grain (40 bushels) and of 
flour. 
A Siberian variety was also reported from Farmville, Ta.. in 1849 (i-)5, p. 
132) : 
Wheat. — The favorite varieties of this grain are. first. The Turkey, called 
also Siberian wheat. A small parcel of this was brought from South Carolina 
by the late Rev. James Wharey and divided between the late Captain Pem- 
berton and myself. This variety is excellent, weighing remarkably and making 
superior flour. It is now nearly lost in this neighborhood from admixture and 
other causes of deterioration. 
China Tea, sometimes referred to as Black Tea, wheat is also identical with 
Java and has the following history, as reported by Klippart (131, p. 758) : 
Some 12 years since (1845) tliere was found by a merchant in Petersburg, 
Rensselaer County, N. Y., six or seven kernels of this kind of wheat, in a chest 
of hlark tea. which was sown. It now has the preference of all the different 
varieties of spring wheat. The straw is very stiff and has never been known to 
