146 BULLETIN 1074, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
from Dumbell, Wye, in 1919. In a letter dated July 8, 1919, accompanying the 
above sample, C. A. Smith states : " This wheat was brought direct from Egypt 
by a missionary and is the same wheat my father used to grow in Michigan." 
Egyptian was reported in 1919 from Indiana, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Wyo- 
ming, and Wisconsin. A part of this, however, is believed to be other varieties, 
such as Gipsy and Egj^ptian Amber (Fulcaster). 
Hard Winter is a name commonly used for Turkey wheat, but is properly 
used only as a class or grade name for this tyi)e of wheat. Hundred-and-One, 
or 101, is a name used for Turkey wheat distributed by the 101 Ranch, of Bliss, 
Okla. The variety is grown under this name to some extent in Kansas, Mis- 
souri, Oklahoma, and Texas. Hungarian is the name used for some samples of 
Turkey wheat, but also for types identical with Pesterboden. The Hungarian 
wheat is more fully discussed along with the Pesterboden variety. Improved 
Turkey is a selected strain of Turkey developed at the Kansas station and is 
also known as P-706. It has been used in cooperative experiments conducted 
by that station with farmers, but otherwise is not grown commercially. 
Kharkof, for the most part, is a wheat morphologically identical with 
Turkey. Several introductions were made which came from a region much 
farther north, and it was, therefore, thought to be a much more winter hardy 
wheat than Turkey. The Kharkof wheat was first introduced into the United 
States by M. A. Carleton in 1900, from Starobelsk, Kharkof, Russia (197, 
S. P. I. No. 5641; C. L No. 1442). Two other strains (S. P. I. No. 7467, 
C. I. No. 1583 ; and S. P. I. No. 7786, C. I. No. 2193, or C. I. No. 6206 ) , were 
obtained in 1901 through Dr. A. Boenicke, president of the Kharkof Agricul- 
tural Society. The latter of these two introductions contain a considerable 
portion of long-beaked strains more similar to Beloglina than the true Khar- 
kof. A fourth lot of Kharkof (S. P. I. No. 9125, C. I. No. 2208), consisting 
of 450 bushels, was received in 1902 from the Starobelsk district through Mr. 
E. A. Bessey. For several years these strains of Kharkof wh^t gave slightly 
better results than the ordinary Turkey wheat of Kansas and became quite 
widely distributed in that State, as well as in Wyoming and Montana. In 
recent years, however, little difference in hardiness or yield has been observed, 
except in northern Wyoming and in Montana, where it still consistently yields 
better than Turkey. 
Lost Freight is a name used for the Turkey or Hundred-and-One variety 
in Missouri. Malcome is the name under which a sample of Turkey was ob- 
tained from Hartford City, Ind., in 1919. This is probably only a confusion 
of the name Malakof. 
Malakof is a name under which many strains of Crimean wheat have been 
introduced and grown. It is thought to have been first distributed by the 
Ratekin Seed Co., Shenandoah, Iowa, in the early nineties from seed which 
was said to have come from Russia. Malakof was reported from Illinois, 
Indiana, Kansas, INIichigan, Missouri, and Oklahoma. Minnesota Red Cross 
is the name under which a sample of wheat similar to Turkey was obtained 
by the department from the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station in 
1917. Minnesota Reliable is the name under which a sample of wheat similar 
to Turkey was obtained from the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station in 
1917. 
Pioneer Turkey is a name used for Turkey by P. J. Jennings, of McCracken, 
Kans. About 1910 he obtained an old sample of Turkey wheat from an ele- 
vator man in Topeka, who believed it to be from the eartiest Turkey wheat 
grown in Kansas. Concerning this, Mr. Jennings has written:^ 
22 Correspondence with A. F. Swanson, Hays Experiment Station, Hays, Kans., dated 
September 12, 1920. 
