CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN AVHEAT VARIETIES. 147 
We kept selecting and planting same with every care until at last our whole 
farm was producing this strain and as pure as it was possible to be had, and 
to-day it has under this treatment almost developed an individuality all its 
own. Knowing its relation to other days and as we had given it so much care 
and attention without any aid or encouragement from any one and had in 
the meantime lost track of the man who had helped us get the first seed, we 
decided, for the want of a better name, to call the wheat " Pioneer Turkey," 
in honor of its early history and, too, because our farm on which all this work 
was done was known as " Pioneer Place." 
Red Russian is a name commonly used by farmers for Turkey wheat in 
Kansas and other hard winter-wheat-producing States. Red Winter, like Red 
Russian, is a name commonly used for Turkey wheat by farmers. It has also 
been used as a varietal name for several strains of Turkey wheat grown by 
experiment stations. Romanella is a name under which a sample of wheat 
similar to Turkey was obtained by the Department of Agriculture from Haage 
& Schmidt, Erfurt, Germany, in 1904. Russian is a name commonly used for 
Turkey wheat by Kansas farmers. Tauranian is the nam'e recently applied to 
a sample of wheat practically identical with Turkey which was obtained by 
G. AY. Ripka, Salina, Kans., from an agricultural college in the Province of 
Taurida, Russia, in the spring of 1914. Some strains of this wheat have long 
beaks and are apparently identical with Beloglina. This wheat has been 
grown at the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station since 1916. Mr. Ripka 
has growTi about 1,000 acres of it annually since 1914, and has distributed the 
seed quite generally in his neighborhood. Theiss is the name of an introduc- 
tion of Turkey wheat from Budapest. Austria-Hungary, made in 1900 by the 
United States Department of Agriculture. Earlier introductions of Theiss have 
been grown in the eastern part of the United States. 
Turkey Red is the name first used for Turkey wheat throughout Kansas in 
the early seventies. During the last decade, however, the word Red generally 
has been omitted. Turkish Red is a name long used for Turkey wheat in Iowa. 
This is the name under which the wheat was distributed in 1886 by George W. 
Franklin, of Atlantic, Iowa, who is reported to have been the first man to dis- 
tribute this wheat in that State {54, p. 263). 
Ulta wheat, which is identical with Turkey, was first introduced into the 
United States from Constantinovskol, 40 miles east of Stavropol, in north Cau- 
<asus, in 1900 by M, A. Carleton, of the United States Department of Agri- 
culture (197, S. P. I. No. 5638). Wisconsin No. 18 is a lot of Turkey wheat dis- 
tributed quite widely in Wisconsin by the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment 
Station. Worlds Champion is a name under which a sample of Turkey was 
obtained from the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station in 1917. 
IOWA NO. 404. 
Descriptimi. — Iowa No. 404 is identical with Turkey morphologically, but in 
experiments in Iowa it has shown greater winter hardiness and proved more 
productive. 
History. — It is a pure-line selection of Turkey (Minn. No. 529) developed at 
the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station and first distributed by them in the 
fall of 1913 as a winter-hardy and high-yielding pure strain of Turkey wheat. 
Distribution. — Gro^^^l in Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin. 
IOWA NOw 1946. 
Description. — This is another pure line similar to Turkey, but superior to it 
in yield and winter hardiness. 
