CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN" WHEAT VARIETIES. 153 
to 5 cm. long ; kernels dark red, midlong, hard, ovate to elliptical ; germ small 
to midsized; crease midwide, middeep; cheeks angular; brush midsized, short. 
Pioneer differs from Preston chiefly in being several days earlier and in hav- 
ing a darker and harder kernel. 
History. — Pioneer is of hybrid origin, having originated from the progeny 
of a cross made in 1903 by Dr. C. E. Saunders, Dominion cerealist, at the Cen- 
tral Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada, between Riga and Preston. 
Distrihution. — Grown in experiments at field stations in the northern Great 
Plains since 1915. It has proved to be a fair-yielding variety of high milling 
quality. It has not proved superior to INIarquis, however, and has not become 
commercially grown in the United States. 
EUDY. 
Description. — Plant winter habit, midseason to late, midtall to tall; stem 
white, weak to midstrong; spike awned. linear fusiform, lax, inclined to nod- 
ding; glumes glabrous, yellowish white with black-striped margins, midlong, 
wide ; shoulders midwide, usually oblique ; 
beaks 1 to 5 mm. long; awns 3 to 8 
cm. long; kernels red, long, soft, usually 
elliptical; germ small; crease wide, mid- 
deep ; cheeks rounded ; brush midsized, 
midlong. 
This variety is distinct in having black 
stripes along the margins of the glumes. 
A spike, glumes, and kernels of Rudy are 
shown in Plate XLII, A. Fig. 60. — Outline map of a portion of 
^isfor?/.— The origin of Rudy wheat has ^^^ ^^^^ern United States, showing 
-, ^ ^ J^ , , /^ ^^, the distribution of Rudy wheat m 
been recorded by Carleton (58, p. 6o) as 19^9 Estimated area, 399,400 acres. 
follows : 
One of the best of the most recently produced varieties is the Rudy, which 
was originated at Troy, Ohio, in 1871, by M. Rudy, through a careful propaga- 
tion of the seed from a superior and a distinct stool of wheat found in a large 
field. 
Rudy wheat was not included in the varietal experiments of the Ohio Agri- 
cultural Experiment Station until 1892. It is reported as having been introduced 
into Michigan, however, from western Ohio, in 1891. 
Distrihution. — Grown in Arkansas, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, 
Maryland, Michigan, Missouri. New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, 
Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. (Fig. 60.) 
Synonyms. — Anti-Rust, Black Mediterranean, Early Rudy, Kentucky Giant, 
and Queen of New York. 
Anti-Rust is the name under which a sample of Rudy was obtained from In- 
diana in 1919. The name is wrongly used because the variety is not rust re- 
sistant. Black Mediterranean was also obtained from Indiana in 1919. The 
name is doubtless due to the black stripes on the glumes and because Rudy is 
very similar to Mediterranean except in glume color. Early Rudy is the name 
under which the Rudy variety has recently been grown by the Indiana Agri- 
cultural Experiment Station. Kentucky Giant is the name under which a 
sample of Rudy was obtained from Illinois in 1919. This name usually is ap- 
plied to the Fulcaster variety. Queen of New York is a name under which a 
sample of Rudy was obtained from the Indiana Agricultural Experiment Sta- 
tion through the Cornell University station. 
