CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN WHEAT VARIETIES. 163 
Department of Agriculture in 1912 from tlie Indiana Agricultural Experiment 
Station, through Cornell University. It " was introduced into Muskingum 
County (Ohio) by John Dent in 1808." The Red Chaff wheat mentioned above, 
however, may be only the Mediterranean variety, as Goens has been said to be 
a cross between Mediterranean and Gipsy made by a man named Goens in 
Ohio and afterwards developed by his son. Concerning the introduction of the 
variety into Shelby County, Ind., where it now is the leading variety, Russell 
G. East, county agent, Shelbyville, Ind., has written as follows : ^ 
Answering your inquiry regarding Shelby Red Chaff wheat. The year 1887 
a man named Hall living at Fountaintown, in this county, purchased a carload 
of seed wheat in Paulding County, Ohio. From this start this variety has 
become the common variety grown throughout the countv and has been known 
locally as Hall, Red Hall, Red Chaff, and Red Chaff Bearded. 
Distribution. — Grown as Goens in" Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio, and under 
the names of synonyms in Illinois and Pennsylvania. (Fig. 64.) 
Synonyms. — Baldwin, Cummings, Dunlap, Dunlop, 
Going, Hall, Miller's Pride, Owen, Red Chaff, Red 
Chaff Bearded, Red Hall, and Shelby Red Chaff. The 
name Baldwin is used locally for Goens wheat in Mad- 
ison, Pickaway, and Union Counties, Ohio. Cummings 
is the name of a wheat apparently identical with 
Goens which was reported grown for two years in the 
vicinity of Tippecanoe City, Miami County, Ohio, and Fig. 64. — Outline map of 
constitutes 50 per cent of the wheat of that vicinity, ^ ^^''t^'^'l °! ^^"^ eastern 
^- ^ r^K o^ 1 V. 1 * ^1 4. 1 T^ T United States, showing 
according to C. A. Studebaker, of that place. Dunlap the distribution of Goens 
is the name under which a sample of wheat identical wheat in 1919. Esti- 
with Goens was obtained from the Indiana Agricul- mated area, 132,600 
tural Expei'iment Station in 1913. It is grown in In- 
diana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania as Dunlap or Dunlop. In Fayette and Rush Coun- 
ties. Ind., it is extensively grown. The names Going and Owen are commonly used 
on Ohio farms for Goens. Hall and Red Hall are names used for a wheat identical 
with Goens in Indiana, particularly in Hancock and Shelby Counties, where it is 
extensively grown and where it has been grown for 10 to 15 years. According to 
J. E. Barrett, of Fortville. Ind., the variety was named Hall for J. M. Hall, the 
man who first took the wheat into Hancock County. Miller's Pride also is identi- 
cal with Goens and is grown in Berks County, Pa. A sample of this wheat was 
first obtained by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1912 from Cor- 
nell University, which in turn obtained it from the Indiana station. Red Chaff 
and Red Chaff Bearded, as indicated above, are old names now most com- 
monly used for Goens wheat in Indiana, Ohio, and Illinois. Red Chaff was 
reported from several other States, but as this name is used also for other 
varieties, the distribution of Goens wheat as Red Chaff can not be definitely 
determined. Shelby Red Chaff is the name adopted by the farm bureau execu- 
tive board of Shelby County, Ind. 
cox. 
Description. — Plant winter habit, late, midtall ; stem purple, midstrong; 
spike awned, oblong to clavate, dense, inclined to nodding; glumes glabrous, 
brown, midlong, midwide; shoulders narrow, oblique to square; beaks 1 to 
10 mm. long; awns 3 to 6 cm. long; kernels red, midlong, soft, ovate to 
oval to elliptical ; germ midsized ; crease narrow, middeep ; cheeks usually 
rounded; brush midsized, midlong. 
Cox differs principally from Goens in having an oblong to clavate spike 
and longer beaks. 
^ Correspondence of the Office of Cereal Investigations, Mar. 1, 1922, 
