CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN WHEAT VARIETIES. 187 
Distribution. — Acme is grown in experiments at experiment stations in the 
northern Great Plains area and commercially in Nortli Dalvota, Sontli Dakota, 
and Wyoming. 
MONAD. 
Description, — The Monad variety is very similar to Acme, differing princi- 
pally in having somewhat stronger stems and sliorter awns. It is as resistant 
to stem rust as Acme and usually yields better than Acme in North Dakota, and 
the grain is of better milling quality. 
History. — Monad wheat was introduced in 1903 from the Saratov Govern- 
ment, Russia, 100 versts east of Volga (unpublished S. P. I. No. 10207), by 
Prof. H. L. Bolley, of the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, while 
making a study of the flax industry of Europe for the United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture. Seed of the variety was distributed by Professor Bolley 
to several farmers and to the Dickinson and Langdon substations as D-1 
(Durum No. 1) in 1911. Its identity on the farms nearly became lost. In 
1917 it was named Monad by Ball and Clark (42, p. 44) after it was found in 
experiments at the Dickinson substation, Dickinson, N. Dak., to be a high- 
yielding variety and one resistant to stem rust. The name is derived from 
mono, root of the Greek w^ord one, plus (Z, which stands for durum. It was in- 
creased at the Dickinson substation from 1918 to 1920' for commercial distri- 
bution. In 1920 R. S. Goodhue (56'), county agent, of Stutsman County, N. 
Dak., reported finding the variety commercially grown in his county from one- 
half bushel of seed originally furnished O. J. Seller, of Stutsman County, 
by Professor Bolley in 1911. August Clemens, of Lenton Township, obtained 
seed from Mr. Seller and increased and grew it until 1919, when he brought 
it to the attention of County Agent Goodhue, who distributed 3,700 bushels 
among farmers in Stutsman County in the spring of 1920. 
Distribution. — The Monad variety is grown in experiments at experiment 
stations in the northern Great Plains and commercially in North Dakota. 
Synonym. — D-1. As shown above, this is the designation under which Pro- 
fessor Bolley first distributed seed of the Monad variety. It is still used as a 
name for the variety in Stutsman County, N. Dak., where it is grow^n to a 
considerable extent. 
ARNAUTKA. 
Description. — Plant spring habit, midseason, tall; stem white, midstrong; 
spike awned, fusiform, nriddense, nodding; glumes glabrous, yellowish, mid- 
long, midwide; shoulders narrow, usually oblique; beaks wide, 1 to 5 mm. 
long ; awns yellowish, 6 to 18 cm. long ; kernels white, long, hard, elliptical ; 
germ midsized; crease midwide, shallow; cheeks angular; brush midsizetl, 
short. 
Arnautka differs from Kubanka in having a longer, narrower, and laxer 
spike, which usually is more nodding when ripe. A spike, glumes, and kernels 
of Arnautka wheat are shown in Plate LVII, A. 
History. — The first importation of Arnautka wheat made by the United 
States Department of Agriculture was in 1864 {151). It was grown in 1865 
with other varieties of wheat on what are now the grounds of the Department 
of Agriculture, near Fourteenth Street, Washington, D. C. (42, p. 3). It was 
distributed to several sections of the United States, but as far as known never 
became commercially established. The basis for the present commercial 
stock is thought to have been brought by early immigrants from Russia to 
North Dakota {58, p. 40), where it was called Wild Goose. Distribution from 
