188 BULLETIJ^ 1074, U. S. DEPAETMENT OF AGEICULTTJKE. 
this source by the Department of Agriculture dates from 1900, when seed 
(C. I. No. 1494) was obtained from T. N. Oium, of Lisbon, N. Dak. This seed 
was distributed with Kubanka and other varieties. The variety, however, had 
previously become established in southeasteru North Dakota, w^here it early 
proved to be well adapted. A pure-line selection (0. I. No. 4064) from this mass 
variety, developed at the Akron Field Station, Akron, Colo., has recently been 
grown at most agricultural experiment stations in tlie northern Great Plains 
and distributed somewhat. 
Distribution. — Durum wheat was reported in 1919 from 29 States, but the 
proportion of this which Arnautka represents can not be determined. The 
variety is extensively grown, however, in Colorado, Minnesota, Montana, North 
Dakota, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. 
Synonyms. — Goose, Johnson, Nicaragua, Pierson, Wild Goose. 
Goose and Wild Goose are names commonly used for Arnautka, or durum 
wheat in general, particularly by the gi-ain trade, during the early years of 
durumr-wheat cultivation in the United States. There is a tradition that the 
seed was originally obtained from the crop of a wild goose. 
Johnson is a name under which Arnautka was reported from Michigan. 
The name is also in use in Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, 
but not usually for the Arnautka variety. 
Nicaragua is a name used for Arnautka durum wheat in the southern 
Great Plains, particularly Texas. The source of this wheat is not known. 
In discussing its origin Carleton (58, p. 40) mentioned " one would infer from 
the name that it came from Nicaragua." It became grown throughout north- 
em Texas in the early nineties and it is still grown there to a considerable 
extent. It is identical with the Arnautka variety. 
Pierson is the name under which a selected lot of durum wheat Identical 
with Arnautka has been distributed by George H. Pierson, of Claremont, 
S. Dak., with the claim that it w^as a rustproof durum wheat. Concerning this 
wheat, Mr. Pierson has written as follows : ^ 
I obtained the seed 17 years ago (1S97) from an immigrant who was driving 
through tlie State of South Dakota and using it for horse feed. The man was 
from Kansas and said that they used this wheat for horse and hog feed there. 
I raised it for some years as a horse and hog feed and then commenced to breed 
it. It is rustproof with a large head and hardy stiff straw. It outyields all 
other varieties. 
MINDUM. 
Description. — Mindum is similar to Arnautka, except for being slightly 
earlier, in having slightly weaker straw, narrower glumes, longer awns, a 
shorter or nearly absent brush, and in being more resistant to stem rust. 
History. — Mindum was first grown in 1896 in a centgener nursery at Uni- 
versity Farm, St. Paul, Minn., as a selection from wheat which was called 
" Hedgerow," by the Minnesota station. 
The statement was made in the Minnesota accession book that it was a head 
selection from a field of common wheat. It proved to be a rust-resistant strain 
at University Farm, and was tested at the substations. It was a high-yielding 
wheat in experiments conducted at the Northwest substation at Crookston, 
Minn., during the years 1913 to 1916. The variety was named INIindum (a con- 
traction of Minnesota durum) in 1918 {106, p. 33), for the pui^ose of dis- 
tinguishing it from the commercial Arnautka. 
Distribution. — Mindum was first distributed for commercial sowing in 1917 
from University Farm, St. Paul, and from the Northwest substation, Crookston, 
Minn. Grown especially in Kittson and Red Lake Counties, Minn. 
*i Correspondence of the Offico of Cereal Investigations, dated May 30. 1914. 
