CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN WHEAT VARIETIES. 
193 
EMMER. 
Emmer is often incorrectly called " Speltz " in the United States. 
The word emmer is German, but it has come into use in America, as 
there is no English name for this wheat ally. Emmer may be of 
either winter or spring habit and usually is awned. The culms often 
are pithy within and the leaves usually are pubescent. The rachis is 
brittle. The spikes are very dense and laterally compressed, being 
narrow when viewed from the face of the spikelet and wide from the 
edge view. The pedicel (joint of rachis) is short, narrow, and 
pointed, and remains attached to the base of the spikelet which it 
bears. The spikelets are flattened on the inner side and usually 
contain two flowers. The kernels, which remain inclosed in the 
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Fig. 76. — Outline map of the United States, showing the distribution of emmer in 1919, 
according to the United States Census. Estimated area, 166,829 acres. Each dot 
represents 100 acres or less, per county. 
glumes after thrashing, are red, long, and slender with both ends 
acute. 
Emmer is distinguished from spelt by the shorter, denser spikes, 
which are laterally compressed. The pedicel of emmer is shorter 
and narrower and is usually attached to the base of the spikelet 
which it bears, while in spelt the pedicel remains attached to the 
face of the next lower spikelet. The inner side of the spikelet is 
flat instead of arched, and the kernel usually is of a darker red color 
than that of spelt. 
Practically all of the emmer grown in the United States is used as 
feed for live stock. Some winter emmer, however, is used in the 
manufacture of breakfast food. The distribution of emmer in 1919 
is shown in Figure 76. 
95589°— 22— Bull. 1074- 
-18 
