BY-PKODUCTS FROM CRUSHING PEANUTS. 5 
farmer saves on his transportation of fertilizer. Although, from a 
broad economic standpoint, it is not good practice to use either cotton- 
seed meal or peanut meal directly as a fertilizer, this practice probably 
will be continued on account of local conditions. 
The unusual value of peanut meal as a feed for animals, which is 
not generally recognized, has been reported by C. O. Johns and D. 
Breese Jones, ^ who have brought out the important fact that the pro- 
teins in this product are high in lysine. 
Osborne and Mendel and other workers have shown that l^-sine is essential to the 
growth of animals. Nutrition experiments indicate that the animal organism can not 
synthesize lysine, which must, therefore, be pro\ided in suitable quantity in the food 
to insure normal growth. Since the muscle substance of animals contains about 7 
per cent of lysine, foods deficient in this essential amino-acid should be supple- 
mented by the addition of other foods which contain a high, percentage of lysine. 
Wheat and corn, both of which contain but little lysine, should therefore prove more 
I efficient diets if supplemented by some food of high lysine content. Peanut meal 
I appears to be well adapted to this purpose. From a nutritive standpoint, it is one of 
I our cheapest foods and seems to possess no objectionable properties. Animals fed on 
! it thrive and increase rapidly in weight. It therefore seems probable that corn and 
wheat could be much better utilized and a considerable sa\ing in the cost of feeding 
effected by supplementing these cereals with peanut meal. 
Many samples of products obtained during the crushing of peanuts 
for oil were analyzed. Most of the peanuts used for this purpose 
were of the Spanish variety; a few mixtures of the Virginia Runner 
and Spanish were analyzed. The results of the analyses are reported 
in Tables 1 to 11. 
Table 1. — Pure peanut meals and cake from crushing shelled hand-picked peanut meats. 
Sample No. 
Moisture. 
Ash. 
Ether 
extract. 
Protem. 
Fiber. 
Nitrogen- 
free 
extract. 
31213 
Per cent. 
7.5 
7.5 
6.5 
7.2 
Per cent. 
4.0 
4.4 
4.4 
4.3 
Per cent. 
8.6 
8.4 
8.0 
8.4 
Per cent. 
50.6 
52.1 
52.3 
51.7 
Per cent. 
4.7 
5.0 
4.5 
4.7 
Per cent. 
24.6 
22.6 
24.3 
23.8 
31244 
29297 
Average.. 
Table 2. — Products from crushing ivhole peanuts by the expeller process. 
Sample No. 
Moisture. 
Ash. 
Ether 
extract. 
Protein. 
Fiber. 
Nitrogen- 
free 
extract. 
29252 
Per cent. 
6.1 
5.8 
6.4 
7.2 
5.1 
6.6 
6.2 
Per cent. 
3.9 
4.3 
3.6 
4.1 
4.3 
3.9 
4.0 
Per cent. 
6.5 
6.6 
7.2 
6.4 
10.1 
7 2 
Per cent. 
34.4 
36.8 
34.7 
37.7 
37.6 
38.6 
Per cent. 
27.1 
25.8 
26.4 
22.2 
22.3 
21.9 
24.3 
Per cent. 
22.0 
20.7 
2L7 
22.4 
20.6 
2L8 
2L5 
29253 
29295 . . . 
31281 
31282 
31294 
Average. . 
7.3 
36.6 
< The proteins of the peanut, Arachis hypogsea: II. Distribution of the basic nitrogen in the globulins 
arachin and conarachin. J. Biol. Chem. (1917), 30: 33-3S. 
