12 BULLETIN 1096, U. S. DEPAKTMEi^T OF AGRICULTURE. 
The crushing of whole peanuts is usually done by the expeller 
process. The results in Table 2 indicate that a product containing 
from 34.4 to 38.6 per cent of protein is obtained. There seems to 
be a tendency in the industry to consider this product as peanut 
meal, although it is not, but is peanut meal and hulls, as is also any 
product which contains hulls over and above the amount that would 
naturally be unavoidably left in the feed by an efficiently run mill. 
Often manufactiu-ers who crush by the hydraulic method and remove 
all the hulls possible before crushing grind back into this product 
either all the hulls or a part of them. They feel that such a product 
is properly designated as peanut meal, although such is not the case. 
The cause of the wide variation in the percentage of protein in 
products obtained by crushing whole peanuts is the presence of 
varying quantities of ''pops" in the stock. These are pods which 
contain no meats and are nothing more or less than hulls. Conse- 
quently, when peanuts with a large proportion of ''pops'' are crushed 
the resulting cake contains more fiber and less protein than that 
obtained from normal peanuts. If hulls are determined from the 
fiber and protein content by the formulas on page 10 a higher per- 
centage of hulls will be obtained than if the peanuts had been normal. 
The results in Table 5 show that in mills v/here hulls have been 
removed by suction the meals obtained contain from 45.3 to 49 per 
cent of protein and from 4.6 to 11.2 per cent of fiber, indicating from 
the fiber determinations the presence of from none to approximately 
10.3 per cent of hulls in the meals. 
SUMMARY. 
Crushing whole peanuts by the expeller process usually gives a 
meal containing from 34.4 to 38.6 per cent of protein. Crushing 
peanuts from which the hulls have first been removed by the hydraulic 
process gives a meal containing from 45.3 to 49 per cent of protein. 
Peanut meal is an excellent feed. Peanut hulls, however, have a 
low feeding value and can not be economically shipped any great 
distance for use as a feed. 
It is possible to determine approximately the percentage of hulls 
in a mixture of peanut meal and hulls, either from the fiber content 
or from the protein content. It is probable, however, that the figiu-es 
obtained from the fiber content will be more nearly accurate. 
The composition of peanut skins removed by hand differs from 
that of peanut skins obtained from the peanut-butter plants. The 
composition of peanut germs is similar to that of the meats, with 
somewhat lower oil and somewhat higher ash contents. 
A sample of meats from the Spanish variety of peanuts was found 
to contain 5 per cent of sugars and 4.7 per cent of starch. 
WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1022 
