THE BEAN LADYBIRD. 23 
with the larvae, and the two broods of larvae overlap. Damage was 
generally worst near fences, along ditch banks, and on beans receiving 
an extra amount of water by accident or seepage. 
There is a large area in northeastern Colorado devoted to farming 
and stock raising. This area is known as the Greeley District. 
Beans of all varieties are grown quite extensively. Several thousand 
acres are planted to beans every year. A conservative estimate of 
the damage done to the whole bean crop in that district during the 
season of 1919 by the bean ladybird is about 5 per cent. This esti- 
mate at first may seem rather small, but the majority of fields were 
infested lightly or not at all. In the second place a few fields were 
more heavily infested than the adjacent or neighboring fields. In 
those fields coming under our observation the damage by Epilachna 
€orrupta varied from an estimated 25 per cent to 65 per cent. One 
field in particular, of about 15 acres, was damaged at least 65 per 
«ent if not 75 or 80 per cent. No remedial measures were applied 
in this case. 
CONTROL. 
In some of the small truck patches the attack of the bean ladybird 
was controlled by hand picking. In view of the distribution of the 
•damage, as stated, clean farming or destruction of winter quarters 
is suggested as an important measure of control. 
As to remedial measures, all possibilities were not worked out. 
On July 10 when the first larvae were observed, the following sprays 
were tested on large plots in a 9-acre field. Right-angle mist-produc- 
ing nozzles were used. Approximately 80 per cent of the leaves were 
covered on one side or the other, the remainder varying from a small 
amount to none at all. The foliage was heavy. 
Experiment No. 1. — Lead arsenate, powder, was used at the rate 
of 2 pounds to 50 gallons of water, with 2 pounds of hydrated lime 
added. Yery little if any damage was noted from the spray. A 
few dead larvae were found. 
Experiment No. 2. — Lead arsenate, paste, was used at the rate of 
2^ pounds to 50 gallons of water. No damage to the plants was 
noted. 
Experiment No. 3. — Zinc arsenite, paste, was applied at the rate 
of 2 pounds to 50 gallons of water. This strength caused no dam- 
age to the plants. 
Experiment No. J±. — Bordeaux mixture, alone, formula 3-6-50, 
was applied to a plot. No damage was done to the plants. This 
application seemed to be as effective as any of the foregoing during 
the earlier part of the season, but this plot showed a greater maxi- 
mum damage after August 1 than did any of the others. The re- 
mainder of the field and a second field of 21 acres were sprayed with 
