2 BULLETIN 795, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
"marguerite," occurs as a common weed in many parts of the United 
States, and is also found abundantly in those regions in Europe 
where the Dalmatian insect flowers (C. cineraricefolium) grow. Its 
cheapness and ready availability have favored its use as an adulterant. 
The flowers have been the only part of the plant used for this purpose. 
These flowers, a regular article of commerce with the collectors of 
crude drugs in certain parts of the southern United States, are gath- 
ered by people living in the mountainous districts, who dry them, 
and then deliver them to country storekeepers in exchange for mer- 
chandise. When the storekeeper has accumulated a sufficient stock 
of "medicinal" roots, herbs, barks, flowers, etc., he takes them into 
town where he sells them to a dealer in these commodities. Occasion- 
ally a small lot may be sent directly by parcel post or express to the 
drug dealer by the original collector, but the usual channel is through 
the country storekeepers. The daisy flowers, as received by the drug 
dealers, are remarkably free from other plant material, and the amount 
of adhering stalk is negligible, an occasional corncob or chicken feather 
being practically the only extraneous material found with the flowers. 
A review of the literature shows that this species of Chrysanthemum 
has long been recognized as an adulterant of insect powder. Beringer 
(2), 1 Schrenk (29), and linger (36) were the first to report the use 
of these flowers for this purpose. Others who include daisy flowers 
in the list of common adulterants of insect powder are Caesar and 
Loretz (4), Huber (17), Verneau (38), Tschirch and Oesterle (35), 
Durrant (ll),Hockauf (16), and Hanausek and Winton (15). Siedler 
(31) states that the flowers of G. Leucanthemum have been exported 
from Dalmatia for several years under the name "False Insect 
Flowers." 
USES FOR CHRYSANTHEMUM LEUCANTHEMUM. 
Schoepf (28), La Tourrette (19), Shecut (30), Rafinesque (25), 
Williams (10), Stearns (32), and Dragendorff (9) describe certain me- 
dicinal uses for Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum. According to Cut- 
ler (7) and Shecut (30), the young leaves have been employed in 
salads. Merat and De Lens (21) of France and Porcher (24) of the 
Ignited States state that no use is made of the plant in these countries. 
Stearns (32), however, states that the flowers were used in medicine 
by the natives of Michigan in the early fifties. 
According to the United States Dispensatory (37), German cham- 
omile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is sometimes adulterated with the 
flower heads of the common daisy, and Griffith (11) lists it as an 
adulterant or substitute for chamomile (Anthemis nobiJis L.). Through 
an investigation of the subject in 1918, the writers learned that ox- 
!The numbers refer to the bibliography, page 11. 
