INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION OF LIVE STOCK. 13 
the carelessness, or it may be the willfulness, of some employee who 
placed incorrect notations upon the billing. 
Another particular in which some improvement can and should 
be made is the handling of emigrant and express shipments. Such 
shipments usually originate at some small station. The person in 
charge of emigrant movables usually loads the stock in a corner of 
the car ; and if they have to be unloaded, it would be necessary first 
to unload a part of the farm implements or household goods. In 
the case of crated animals the crate may be too small, but the fact 
that it is a crated animal seems to be sufficient excuse for the express 
company to take it for granted that the animal has plenty of room 
to lie down and rest. Fortunately, however, the greater number of 
express shipments are for short distances. Some of the roads now 
have the conductor on each division inspect such shipments to see 
that there is sufficient room and water and feed; and if any one 
element is lacking, the stock is unloaded. Some of the express com- 
panies have promised to do the same thing. If this practice is made 
universal, it will aid greatly in the observance of the law and will 
save the Government from instituting suits. 
Another practice which has been resorted to by some of the carriers 
is the marking of their waybills so as to show that the animals had 
been unloaded, fed, watered, and rested, when, as a matter of fact, 
no feed or water was supplied, and in some instances the animals 
were not even taken out of the cars. This practice, it was found in 
some cases, was carried on without the knowledge of the higher 
officials of the roads and contrary to the explicit instructions of the 
operating officers. 
RESULTS ACCOMPLISHED. 
IMPROVED YARDS. 
Since the enactment of the present law many of the railroads have 
improved the yards and pens into which animals are unloaded for 
feed, water, and rest. Some of the improvements have been installed 
voluntarily. Suggestions offered by the officials of the Bureau of 
Animal Industry as to how such yards should be constructed to 
meet the requirements of the law have been adopted cheerfully and 
gladly by some carriers. It must be said, however, that other roads 
have improved their yards and pens only after the Government was 
obliged to resort to prosecution because of the inadequate facilities 
provided. On the whole, the general conditions in this respect are 
much better than they were 10 years ago. The expenditures in this 
direction by some of the roads have amounted to many thousands of 
dollars. But this money has been well expended, as is evidenced by 
the fact that such roads now have comparatively few violations of 
