INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION OF LIVE STOCK. 5 
vided with a proper shelter from rain, snow, wind, and sun, they 
can not obtain rest, for, as a general rule, they will not lie down in 
such surroundings. 
HUMANE HANDLING. 
The law is a humane measure, intended not only to prevent the car- 
rier from transporting animals in interstate commerce for long 
periods, but also to provide that they be unloaded in a humane man- 
ner into properly equipped pens for rest, water, and feeding. The 
cruel treatment of animals in the past in their handling and care 
while in transportation not only reduced their food value, but led to 
numerous claims against the railroad companies and finally to the 
enactment of the present law. Many instances have been observed in 
which the most brutal treatment has been given to the animals, result- 
ing many times in severely injuring them. There have even been cases 
where hogs and sheep were crippled purposely by the persons unload- 
ing the animals, for the financial betterment of their employers. The 
provision as to humane handling of the animals was added to the re- 
quirements when the law of 1906 was passed, no such requirement ap- 
pearing in the prior statute. The handling of live stock in a humane 
manner protects not only the animals, but the interests of the owners 
and of the public, because it helps in placing the stock upon the mar- 
ket in good condition ; it incidentally benefits the carrier as well. 
PROPERLY EQUIPPED PENS. 
The law of 1906 requires that animals shall be unloaded into prop- 
erly equipped pens for rest, water, and feeding. While the statute 
does not require a carrier to maintain any particular kind of equip- 
ment of its stock pens, permanent or otherwise, except in so far as to 
render them suitable for the humane purpose of the act, it is neces- 
sary to make such provision as will meet the weather conditions of 
the d liferent seasons of the year, so as to provide for the protection 
of the animals from the elements. In erecting such pens considera- 
tion should be given to the kind of animals to be handled ; the feed- 
ing, watering, and resting facilities; drainage; weather protection, 
and lighting for night handling. In the winter time, particularly 
in the northern parts of the country, protection from cold, storms, 
snow, sleet, and winds must be provided. For this purpose a portion, 
at least, of the yards should be covered. It will also be necessary to 
have some such provision made for the protection of the animals 
from the hot sun in the summer time, particularly in the Southern 
States. 
The yards should be so equipped that it will not be necessary to 
feed and water hogs and other animals, especially horses or sheep, 
from the same troughs, as other animals will not eat or drink from 
